fix(material-experimental): avoid error when trying to use harness after fixture is destroyed

Currently before most operations in the harnesses we call `fixture.detectChange`, however doing so on a destroyed fixture throws a vague error. These changes avoid detecting changes on destroyed fixtures.

Author: crisbeto

src/cdk/testing/testbed/testbed-harness-environment.ts

@@ -14,8 +14,11 @@ import {UnitTestElement} from './unit-test-element';
 
 /** A `HarnessEnvironment` implementation for Angular's Testbed. */
 export class TestbedHarnessEnvironment extends HarnessEnvironment<Element> {
+  private _destroyed = false;
+
   constructor(rawRootElement: Element, private _fixture: ComponentFixture<unknown>) {
     super(rawRootElement);
+    _fixture.componentRef.onDestroy(() => this._destroyed = true);
   }
 
   /** Creates a `HarnessLoader` rooted at the given fixture's root element. */
@@ -54,7 +57,9 @@ export class TestbedHarnessEnvironment extends HarnessEnvironment<Element> {
   }
 
   private async _stabilize(): Promise<void> {
-    this._fixture.detectChanges();
-    await this._fixture.whenStable();
+    if (!this._destroyed) {
+      this._fixture.detectChanges();
+      await this._fixture.whenStable();
+    }
   }
 }