Revise documentation (#969)

* Revise documentation

- Add missing reference to `flask-graphql` in integrations
- align documentation for resolver arguments (use root for 1st argument
instead of self)
- explore use of `parent` instead of `root` for first argument
- clarify resolvers and object type documentation
- add documentation for Meta class options for ObjectType
- expand quickstart documentation for first time users
- streamline order of documentation for first time users (broad ->
specific)
- document resolver quirks

* explict imports from graphene

* rename doc refs for resolvers

* suggestions typos and graphene import

Author: dvndrsn

UPGRADE-v1.0.md

@@ -2,30 +2,29 @@
 
 Big changes from v0.10.x to 1.0. While on the surface a lot of this just looks like shuffling around API, the entire codebase has been rewritten to handle some really great use cases and improved performance.
 
-
 ## Backwards Compatibility and Deprecation Warnings
 
 This has been a community project from the start, we need your help making the upgrade as smooth as possible for everybody!
 We have done our best to provide backwards compatibility with deprecated APIs.
 
-
 ## Deprecations
 
-* `with_context` is no longer needed. Resolvers now always take the context argument.
+- `with_context` is no longer needed. Resolvers now always take the context argument.
   Before:
 
   ```python
-  def resolve_xxx(self, args, info):
+  def resolve_xxx(root, args, info):
       # ...
   ```
 
   With 1.0:
+
   ```python
-  def resolve_xxx(self, args, context, info):
+  def resolve_xxx(root, args, context, info):
       # ...
   ```
 
-* `ObjectType` and `Interface` no longer accept the `abstract` option in the `Meta`.
+- `ObjectType` and `Interface` no longer accept the `abstract` option in the `Meta`.
   Inheriting fields should be now achieved using `AbstractType` inheritance.
 
   Before:
@@ -42,6 +41,7 @@ We have done our best to provide backwards compatibility with deprecated APIs.
   ```
 
   With 1.0:
+
   ```python
   class MyBaseQuery(graphene.AbstractType):
       my_field = String()
@@ -50,9 +50,9 @@ We have done our best to provide backwards compatibility with deprecated APIs.
       pass
   ```
 
-* The `type_name` option in the Meta in types is now `name`
+- The `type_name` option in the Meta in types is now `name`
 
-* Type references no longer work with strings, but with functions.
+- Type references no longer work with strings, but with functions.
 
   Before:
 
@@ -70,7 +70,6 @@ We have done our best to provide backwards compatibility with deprecated APIs.
       users = graphene.List(lambda: User)
   ```
 
-
 ## Schema
 
 Schemas in graphene `1.0` are `Immutable`, that means that once you create a `graphene.Schema` any
@@ -80,7 +79,6 @@ The `name` argument is removed from the Schema.
 The arguments `executor` and `middlewares` are also removed from the `Schema` definition.
 You can still use them, but by calling explicitly in the `execute` method in `graphql`.
 
-
 ```python
 # Old way
 schema = graphene.Schema(name='My Schema')
@@ -94,7 +92,6 @@ schema = graphene.Schema(
 )
 ```
 
-
 ## Interfaces
 
 For implementing an Interface in an ObjectType, you have to add it onto `Meta.interfaces`.
@@ -131,7 +128,7 @@ class ReverseString(Mutation):
 
     reversed = String()
 
-    def mutate(self, args, context, info):
+    def mutate(root, args, context, info):
         reversed = args.get('input')[::-1]
         return ReverseString(reversed=reversed)
 
@@ -158,14 +155,13 @@ class Query(ObjectType):
 Also, if you wanted to create an `ObjectType` that implements `Node`, you have to do it
 explicity.
 
-
 ## Django
 
 The Django integration with Graphene now has an independent package: `graphene-django`.
 For installing, you have to replace the old `graphene[django]` with `graphene-django`.
 
-* As the package is now independent, you now have to import from `graphene_django`.
-* **DjangoNode no longer exists**, please use `relay.Node` instead:
+- As the package is now independent, you now have to import from `graphene_django`.
+- **DjangoNode no longer exists**, please use `relay.Node` instead:
 
   ```python
   from graphene.relay import Node
@@ -181,8 +177,8 @@ For installing, you have to replace the old `graphene[django]` with `graphene-dj
 The SQLAlchemy integration with Graphene now has an independent package: `graphene-sqlalchemy`.
 For installing, you have to replace the old `graphene[sqlalchemy]` with `graphene-sqlalchemy`.
 
-* As the package is now independent, you have to import now from `graphene_sqlalchemy`.
-* **SQLAlchemyNode no longer exists**, please use `relay.Node` instead:
+- As the package is now independent, you have to import now from `graphene_sqlalchemy`.
+- **SQLAlchemyNode no longer exists**, please use `relay.Node` instead:
 
   ```python
   from graphene.relay import Node

UPGRADE-v2.0.md

@@ -7,20 +7,22 @@ It also improves the field resolvers, [simplifying the code](#simpler-resolvers)
 developer has to write to use them.
 
 **Deprecations:**
-* [`AbstractType`](#abstracttype-deprecated)
-* [`resolve_only_args`](#resolve_only_args)
-* [`Mutation.Input`](#mutationinput)
+
+- [`AbstractType`](#abstracttype-deprecated)
+- [`resolve_only_args`](#resolve_only_args)
+- [`Mutation.Input`](#mutationinput)
 
 **Breaking changes:**
-* [`Simpler Resolvers`](#simpler-resolvers)
-* [`Node Connections`](#node-connections)
+
+- [`Simpler Resolvers`](#simpler-resolvers)
+- [`Node Connections`](#node-connections)
 
 **New Features!**
-* [`InputObjectType`](#inputobjecttype)
-* [`Meta as Class arguments`](#meta-as-class-arguments) (_only available for Python 3_)
 
+- [`InputObjectType`](#inputobjecttype)
+- [`Meta as Class arguments`](#meta-as-class-arguments) (_only available for Python 3_)
 
-> The type metaclasses are now deleted as they are no longer necessary.  If your code was depending
+> The type metaclasses are now deleted as they are no longer necessary. If your code was depending
 > on this strategy for creating custom attrs, see an [example on how to do it in 2.0](https://github.com/graphql-python/graphene/blob/v2.0.0/graphene/tests/issues/test_425.py).
 
 ## Deprecations
@@ -49,7 +51,7 @@ class Pet(CommonFields, Interface):
     pass
 ```
 
-### resolve\_only\_args
+### resolve_only_args
 
 `resolve_only_args` is now deprecated as the resolver API has been simplified.
 
@@ -60,8 +62,8 @@ class User(ObjectType):
     name = String()
 
     @resolve_only_args
-    def resolve_name(self):
-        return self.name
+    def resolve_name(root):
+        return root.name
 ```
 
 With 2.0:
@@ -70,8 +72,8 @@ With 2.0:
 class User(ObjectType):
     name = String()
 
-    def resolve_name(self, info):
-        return self.name
+    def resolve_name(root, info):
+        return root.name
 ```
 
 ### Mutation.Input
@@ -94,7 +96,6 @@ class User(Mutation):
         name = String()
 ```
 
-
 ## Breaking Changes
 
 ### Simpler resolvers
@@ -108,7 +109,7 @@ Before:
 ```python
 my_field = graphene.String(my_arg=graphene.String())
 
-def resolve_my_field(self, args, context, info):
+def resolve_my_field(root, args, context, info):
     my_arg = args.get('my_arg')
     return ...
 ```
@@ -118,23 +119,23 @@ With 2.0:
 ```python
 my_field = graphene.String(my_arg=graphene.String())
 
-def resolve_my_field(self, info, my_arg):
+def resolve_my_field(root, info, my_arg):
     return ...
 ```
 
 **PS.: Take care with receiving args like `my_arg` as above. This doesn't work for optional (non-required) arguments as stantard `Connection`'s arguments (first, before, after, before).**
 You may need something like this:
 
 ```python
-def resolve_my_field(self, info, known_field1, known_field2, **args): ## get other args with: args.get('arg_key')
+def resolve_my_field(root, info, known_field1, known_field2, **args): ## get other args with: args.get('arg_key')
 ```
 
 And, if you need the context in the resolver, you can use `info.context`:
 
 ```python
 my_field = graphene.String(my_arg=graphene.String())
 
-def resolve_my_field(self, info, my_arg):
+def resolve_my_field(root, info, my_arg):
     context = info.context
     return ...
 ```
@@ -188,6 +189,7 @@ class MyObject(ObjectType):
 ```
 
 To:
+
 ```python
 class MyObject(ObjectType):
     class Meta:
@@ -203,30 +205,32 @@ class MyObject(ObjectType):
 The parameters' order of `get_node_from_global_id` method has changed. You may need to adjust your [Node Root Field](http://docs.graphene-python.org/en/latest/relay/nodes/#node-root-field) and maybe other places that uses this method to obtain an object.
 
 Before:
+
 ```python
 class RootQuery(object):
     ...
     node = Field(relay.Node, id=ID(required=True))
 
-    def resolve_node(self, args, context, info):
+    def resolve_node(root, args, context, info):
         node = relay.Node.get_node_from_global_id(args['id'], context, info)
         return node
 ```
 
 Now:
+
 ```python
 class RootQuery(object):
     ...
     node = Field(relay.Node, id=ID(required=True))
 
-    def resolve_node(self, info, id):
+    def resolve_node(root, info, id):
         node = relay.Node.get_node_from_global_id(info, id)
         return node
 ```
 
 ## Mutation.mutate
 
-Now only receives (`self`, `info`, `**args`) and is not a @classmethod
+Now only receives (`root`, `info`, `**kwargs`) and is not a @classmethod
 
 Before:
 
@@ -245,7 +249,7 @@ With 2.0:
 class SomeMutation(Mutation):
     ...
 
-    def mutate(self, info, **args):
+    def mutate(root, info, **args):
         ...
 ```
 
@@ -258,17 +262,14 @@ class SomeMutation(Mutation):
         last_name = String(required=True)
     ...
 
-    def mutate(self, info, first_name, last_name):
+    def mutate(root, info, first_name, last_name):
         ...
 ```
 
-
-
 ## ClientIDMutation.mutate_and_get_payload
 
 Now only receives (`root`, `info`, `**input`)
 
-
 ### Middlewares
 
 If you are using Middelwares, you need to some adjustments:
@@ -294,10 +295,9 @@ class MyGrapheneMiddleware(object):
         ## Middleware code
 
         info.context = context
-        return next_mw(root, info, **args)```
+        return next_mw(root, info, **args)
 ```
 
-
 ## New Features
 
 ### InputObjectType
@@ -321,7 +321,7 @@ class Query(ObjectType):
     user = graphene.Field(User, input=UserInput())
 
     @resolve_only_args
-    def resolve_user(self, input):
+    def resolve_user(root, input):
         user_id = input.get('id')
         if is_valid_input(user_id):
             return get_user(user_id)
@@ -334,18 +334,17 @@ class UserInput(InputObjectType):
     id = ID(required=True)
 
     @property
-    def is_valid(self):
-        return self.id.startswith('userid_')
+    def is_valid(root):
+        return root.id.startswith('userid_')
 
 class Query(ObjectType):
     user = graphene.Field(User, input=UserInput())
 
-    def resolve_user(self, info, input):
+    def resolve_user(root, info, input):
         if input.is_valid:
             return get_user(input.id)
 ```
 
-
 ### Meta as Class arguments
 
 Now you can use the meta options as class arguments (**ONLY PYTHON 3**).
@@ -366,7 +365,6 @@ class Dog(ObjectType, interfaces=[Pet]):
     name = String()
 ```
 
-
 ### Abstract types
 
 Now you can create abstact types super easily, without the need of subclassing the meta.
@@ -378,10 +376,10 @@ class Base(ObjectType):
 
     id = ID()
 
-    def resolve_id(self, info):
+    def resolve_id(root, info):
         return "{type}_{id}".format(
-            type=self.__class__.__name__,
-            id=self.id
+            type=root.__class__.__name__,
+            id=root.id
         )
 ```
 

docs/execution/dataloader.rst

@@ -111,8 +111,8 @@ leaner code and at most 4 database requests, and possibly fewer if there are cac
         best_friend = graphene.Field(lambda: User)
         friends = graphene.List(lambda: User)
 
-        def resolve_best_friend(self, info):
-            return user_loader.load(self.best_friend_id)
+        def resolve_best_friend(root, info):
+            return user_loader.load(root.best_friend_id)
 
-        def resolve_friends(self, info):
-            return user_loader.load_many(self.friend_ids)
+        def resolve_friends(root, info):
+            return user_loader.load_many(root.friend_ids)