Refactor & add test for monotone-insert-get CHT

Author: hitonanode

convex_hull_trick/add-get-monotone_cht.hpp

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+---
+title: Convex hull trick (monotone insert, monotone get)
+documentation_of: ./monotone-insert-get_cht.hpp
+---
+
+各クエリが償却 $O(1)$．
+
+- `insert_line(T a, T b)` 直線追加クエリ．追加される直線 $y = ax + b$ について，$a$ の値が単調非増加（最小値取得） / 単調非減少（最大値取得）．
+- `get(T x)` 最小値・最大値取得クエリ．取得する $x$ 座標は単調非減少．
+
+- `insert_convex_parabola(T c, T a, T b)` 放物線 $y = c(x - a)^2 + b$ の追加クエリ．$c$ の値は全クエリで共通でなければならない．最小値取得の場合，$ca$ の値が単調増加でなければならない．
+- `parabola_get(T c, T x)` 放物線たちの最小値・最大値取得クエリ．取得する $x$ 座標は単調非減少．
+- `merge(CHT cht1, CHT cht2)` 二つの CHT をマージする．計算量は $O(\mathrm{size}(\mathrm{cht1}) + \mathrm{size}(\mathrm{cht2}))$．
+
+## 問題例
+
+- [No.952 危険な火薬庫 - yukicoder](https://yukicoder.me/problems/no/952)

convex_hull_trick/monotone-insert-get-cht.md

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+#pragma once
+#include <cassert>
+#include <list>
+#include <utility>
+
+// CUT begin
+// Convex Hull Trick for monotone increasing queries, monotone decreasing slopes
+// Each operation is amortized O(1)
+// - is_minimizer: if true, calculates min. Otherwise, calculates max.
+// - insert_line(a, b): Insert `y = ax + b`,
+//   a must be monotone decreasing (if is_minimizer == true) / increasing (otherwise)
+// - add_convex_parabola(c, a, b): Add `y = c(x - a)^2 + b`, c is constant, a is monotone
+//   increasing (if is_minimizer == true) / decreasing (otherwise)
+// - get(x): Calculate min/max. value of `y = ax + b`'s at point x, x must be monotone
+//   increasing FOR BOTH CASES.
+// - parabola_get(c, x): Caclculate min/max. value of `y = c(x - a)^2 + b`'s, x must be monotone
+//   increasing FOR BOTH CASES.
+// - If you need random access, change `std::list` to `std::deque`
+// Verified: https://yukicoder.me/submissions/409156
+template <bool is_minimizer, class T = long long, class T_MP = __int128, T INF = 1LL << 61>
+class MonotoneConvexHullTrick : std::list<std::pair<T, T>> {
+    // (a, b) means `y = ax + b`
+    T_MP _eval(typename std::list<std::pair<T, T>>::const_iterator itr, T x) {
+        return T_MP(itr->first) * x + itr->second;
+    }
+
+public:
+    MonotoneConvexHullTrick() { static_assert(INF > 0, "INF must be positive."); }
+    void insert_line(T a, T b) { // Add y = ax + b
+        if (!is_minimizer) a = -a, b = -b;
+        assert(this->empty() or this->back().first >= a);
+        while (this->size() > 1u) {
+            if (this->back().first == a) {
+                if (this->back().second <= b) return;
+                this->pop_back();
+                continue;
+            }
+            auto ill = std::prev(this->end(), 2);
+            auto l = (T_MP)(this->back().second - ill->second) * (this->back().first - a);
+            auto r = (T_MP)(b - this->back().second) * (ill->first - this->back().first);
+            if (l < r) break;
+            this->pop_back();
+        }
+        this->emplace_back(a, b);
+    }
+
+    struct Ret {
+        T line_a, line_b;
+        bool is_valid;
+        T_MP val;
+    };
+    Ret get(T x) {
+        if (this->empty()) return {0, 0, false, is_minimizer ? INF : -INF};
+        while (this->size() > 1 and _eval(this->begin(), x) >= _eval(std::next(this->begin()), x)) {
+            this->pop_front();
+        }
+        T_MP val = _eval(this->begin(), x) * (is_minimizer ? 1 : -1);
+        return {(is_minimizer ? 1 : -1) * this->begin()->first,
+                (is_minimizer ? 1 : -1) * this->begin()->second, true, val};
+    }
+    void insert_convex_parabola(T c, T a, T b) { insert_line(c * a * (-2), c * a * a + b); }
+    T_MP parabola_get(T c, T x) { return get(x).val + c * x * x; }
+
+    static MonotoneConvexHullTrick
+    merge(const MonotoneConvexHullTrick &cht1, const MonotoneConvexHullTrick &cht2) {
+        MonotoneConvexHullTrick ret;
+        auto i1 = cht1.begin(), i2 = cht2.begin();
+        static const T sgn = is_minimizer ? 1 : -1;
+        T a = 0, b = 0;
+        while (i1 != cht1.end() and i2 != cht2.end()) {
+            if (i1->first == i2->first) {
+                a = i1->first, b = std::min(i1->second, i2->second);
+                ++i1, ++i2;
+            } else if (i1->first > i2->first) {
+                a = i1->first, b = i1->second, ++i1;
+            } else {
+                a = i2->first, b = i2->second, ++i2;
+            }
+            ret.insert_line(a * sgn, b * sgn);
+        }
+        while (i1 != cht1.end()) ret.insert_line(i1->first * sgn, i1->second * sgn), ++i1;
+        while (i2 != cht2.end()) ret.insert_line(i2->first * sgn, i2->second * sgn), ++i2;
+        return ret;
+    }
+};

convex_hull_trick/monotone-insert-get_cht.hpp

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+#define PROBLEM "https://yukicoder.me/problems/no/952"
+#include "../monotone-insert-get_cht.hpp"
+#include <iostream>
+#include <vector>
+using namespace std;
+
+int main() {
+    int N;
+    cin >> N;
+    vector<long long> A(N);
+    for (auto &x : A) cin >> x;
+    vector<MonotoneConvexHullTrick<true, long long, __int128>> cht(N + 1);
+    int x = 0;
+    cht[0].insert_convex_parabola(1, x, 0);
+    for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
+        for (int d = i; d >= 0; --d) {
+            long long v = cht[d].parabola_get(1, x);
+            cht[d + 1].insert_convex_parabola(1, x + A[i], v);
+        }
+        x += A[i];
+    }
+    cht.pop_back();
+    while (!cht.empty()) {
+        cout << (long long)cht.back().parabola_get(1, x) << '\n';
+        cht.pop_back();
+    }
+}