Merge pull request mouredev#5991 from Sac-Corts/main

#00, #1, #2, #3, #4, #5, #6, #7, #8, #9, #10, #11, #12, #13, #14, #15, #16, #17, #18, #19, #20, #21, #22, #23, #24, #25, #26, #27, #28, #29, mouredev#30 - JavaScript

Author: Roswell468

Roadmap/00 - SINTAXIS, VARIABLES, TIPOS DE DATOS Y HOLA MUNDO/javascript/Sac-Corts.js

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+// JavaScript programming language official website URL:
+// https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript
+
+// Single line comment in JavaScript
+
+/*
+Multi-line comment in JavaScript
+It is used to describe longer blocks of code.
+or provide detailed information.
+*/
+
+var myGlobalVariable = "This is a global variable"
+
+let myLocalVariable = "This is a local variable";
+
+const MY_CONSTANT = "This is a constant";
+
+// String
+let textString = "Hello, I am a string";
+console.log(typeof(textString))
+
+// Number
+let integer = 42;
+console.log(typeof(integer))
+
+let float = 3.14;
+console.log(typeof(float))
+
+// Boolean
+let boolean = true;
+console.log(typeof(boolean))
+
+// Undefined
+let undefinedVar;
+console.log(typeof(undefinedVar))
+
+// Null
+let nullVar = null;
+console.log(typeof(nullVar))
+
+// Symbol
+let symbol = Symbol('description');
+console.log(typeof(symbol))
+
+// BigInt
+let bigInt = BigInt(1234567890123456789012345678901234567890n);
+console.log(typeof(bigInt))
+
+// Print the required text via terminal
+console.log("¡Hello, JavaScript!");

Roadmap/01 - OPERADORES Y ESTRUCTURAS DE CONTROL/javascript/Sac-Corts.js

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+// Exercise //
+
+// Arithmetic Operators
+let addition = 5 + 3;
+console.log("Addition: 5 + 3 = ", addition);
+
+let subtraction = 10 - 5;
+console.log("Subtraction: 10 - 5 = ", subtraction);
+
+let multiplication = 10 * 5;
+console.log("Multiplication: 10 * 5 = ", multiplication);
+
+let division = 100 / 5;
+console.log("Division: 10 / 5 = ", division);
+
+let _module = 8 % 2;
+console.log("Module: 8 % 2 = ", _module);
+
+let power = 4 ** 2;
+console.log("Power: 4 ** 2 = ", power);
+
+// Assignment Operators
+let a = 10;
+
+a += 2;
+console.log("Addition assignment +=: ", a);
+
+a -= 2;
+console.log("Subtraction assignment -=: ", a);
+
+a *= 4;
+console.log("Multiplication assignment *=: ", a);
+
+a /= 2;
+console.log("Division assignment /=: ", a);
+
+a %= 2;
+console.log("Remainder assignment %=: ", a);
+
+a **= 2;
+console.log("Exponentiation assignment **=: ", a);
+
+// Comparison Operators
+console.log("Equality == : ", 5 == "5");
+console.log("Strict equality == : ", 5 === "5");
+console.log("Inequality != : ", 5 != "5");
+console.log("Strict inequality !== : ", 5 !== "5");
+console.log("Greater than > : ", 10 > 5);
+console.log("Less than < : ", 10 < 5);
+console.log("Greater than or equal >= : ", 5 >= 7);
+console.log("Less than or equal <= : ", 5 <= 7);
+
+// Logical Operators
+console.log("Logical AND (&&):", true && false);
+console.log("Logical OR (||):", true || false);
+console.log("Logical NOT (!):", !false);
+
+// Identity Operators
+let obj1 = { name: "Isaac" };
+let obj2 = { name: "Isaac" };
+let obj3 = obj1;
+console.log("Identity (===):", obj1 === obj2);
+console.log("Identity (===):", obj1 === obj3);
+
+// Membership Operators
+let array = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
+console.log("Membership (in):", 3 in array);
+console.log("Membership (includes):", array.includes(3));
+
+let obj = { name: "Bob", age: 25 };
+console.log("Membership (in):", "name" in obj);
+console.log("Membership (in):", "height" in obj);
+
+// Bits Operators
+console.log("Bitwise AND (&):", 5 & 1); // 101 & 001 = 001 (1)
+console.log("Bitwise OR (|):", 5 | 1); // 101 | 001 = 101 (5)
+console.log("Bitwise XOR (^):", 5 ^ 1); // 101 ^ 001 = 100 (4)
+console.log("Bitwise NOT (~):", ~5); // ~101 = 010 (complemento)
+console.log("Bitwise Left Shift (<<):", 5 << 1); // 101 << 1 = 1010 (10)
+console.log("Bitwise Right Shift (>>):", 5 >> 1); // 101 >> 1 = 010 (2)
+console.log("Bitwise Zero-fill Right Shift (>>>):", 5 >>> 1); // 101 >>> 1 = 010 (2)
+
+// Control Structures //
+
+// Conditionals
+let num = 10;
+if (num > 0) {
+    console.log("The number is positive");
+} else if (num < 0) {
+    console.log('The number is negative');
+} else {
+    console.log('The number is cero');
+}
+
+switch (num) {
+    case 1:
+        console.log('The number is 1');
+        break;
+    case 10:
+        console.log('The numer is 10')
+        break;
+        default:
+            console.log('The number is not 1 or 10');
+}
+
+// Iterative
+for (let i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
+    console.log('For loop, i = ', i);
+}
+
+let count = 0;
+while (count < 5) {
+    console.log('While loop, i = ', count);
+    count++;
+}
+
+let index = 0;
+do {
+    console.log('Do loop, index = ', index);
+    index++;
+} while (index < 5);
+
+let arrayForOf = ['a', 'b', 'c'];
+for (let item of arrayForOf) {
+    console.log('For-of loop, item = ', item);
+}
+
+let objForIn = { name: 'Alice', age: 25};
+for (let key in objForIn) {
+    console.log('For-in loop, key = ', key, ', value = ', objForIn[key]);
+}
+
+// Exceptions 
+try {
+    let result = 10 / 0;
+    console.log('Result: ', result);
+    throw new Error('This is a custom exception');
+} catch (error) {
+    console.log('An exception was caught: ', error.message);
+} finally {
+    console.log('This block is always executed');
+}
+
+// Extra Exercise // 
+
+for (let i = 10; i <= 55 ; i++) {
+    if (i % 2 === 0 && i % 3 !== 0 && i !== 16) {
+        console.log(i);
+    }
+}

Roadmap/02 - FUNCIONES Y ALCANCE/javascript/Sac-Corts.js

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+// Exercise // 
+// Function whitout parameters or return value
+function noParameters() {
+    console.log("This function has no parameters or return value.");
+}
+
+noParameters();
+
+// Function with one parameter
+function oneParameter(param) {
+    console.log("The received parameter is: " + param);
+}
+
+oneParameter("Hello World");
+
+// Function with multiple parameters
+function multipleParameters(param1, param2) {
+    console.log("The received parameters are: " + param1 + " and " + param2);
+}
+
+multipleParameters('Hello', 'World');
+
+// Function with return value
+function addition(a, b) {
+    return console.log(a + b);
+}
+
+addition(4, 10);
+
+// Nested functions
+function outerFunction() {
+    console.log("This is the outer function");
+    function innerFunction() {
+        console.log("This is the inner function");
+    }
+    innerFunction();
+}
+
+outerFunction();
+
+// Using built-in functions
+function exampleMath() {
+    console.log("The absolute value of -5 is: " + Math.abs(-5));
+}
+
+exampleMath();
+
+// Local and global variables
+var globalVar = "I am a global variable";
+
+function variableScope() {
+    var localVar = "I am a local variable";
+    console.log(globalVar);
+    console.log(localVar);
+}
+
+variableScope();
+console.log(globalVar);
+// The following line will throw an error because 'localVar' is not defined in the global scope
+// console.log(localVar);
+
+// Extra Exercise // 
+
+function oneHundred(param1, param2) {
+    let counter = 0;
+
+    for (let i = 1; i <= 100; i++) {
+        if (i % 3 === 0 && i % 5 === 0) {
+            console.log(param1, param2);
+        } else if (i % 3 === 0) {
+            console.log(param1);
+        } else if (i % 5 === 0) {
+            console.log(param2);
+        } else {
+            console.log(i);
+            counter++;
+        }
+    }
+    return counter;
+}
+
+const counter = oneHundred('Fizz', 'Buzz');
+console.log("Count of numbers printed: " + counter);