|
| 1 | +### FUNCIONES DE ORDEN SUPERIOR EN PYTHON |
| 2 | + |
| 3 | +''' |
| 4 | +Una función de orden superior es aquella que: |
| 5 | + Acepta una función como argumento. |
| 6 | + Devuelve otra función como resultado. |
| 7 | + O ambas cosas. |
| 8 | +''' |
| 9 | + |
| 10 | +# Ejemplo de función que acepta otra como argumento: |
| 11 | +def calculator(x: float, y: float, operation) -> float: |
| 12 | + return operation(x, y) |
| 13 | + |
| 14 | +def sum(a: float, b: float) -> float: |
| 15 | + return a + b |
| 16 | + |
| 17 | +def product(a: float, b: float) -> float: |
| 18 | + return a * b |
| 19 | + |
| 20 | +print(calculator(10,20, sum)) # Salida 30 |
| 21 | +print(calculator(10,20, product)) # Salida 200 |
| 22 | + |
| 23 | +# Ejemplo devolviendo otra función como resultado (lambda): |
| 24 | +def new_calculator(operation): |
| 25 | + if operation.lower() == "sum": |
| 26 | + return lambda a, b: a + b |
| 27 | + elif operation.lower() == "product": |
| 28 | + return lambda a, b: a * b |
| 29 | + else: |
| 30 | + return lambda a, b: None |
| 31 | + |
| 32 | +my_sum = new_calculator("sum") |
| 33 | +my_product = new_calculator("product") |
| 34 | + |
| 35 | +print(my_sum(5,5)) # Salida 10 |
| 36 | +print(my_product(5,5)) # Salida 25 |
| 37 | + |
| 38 | +# Python ofrece varias funciones de orden superior predefinidas, como map, filter, y reduce. |
| 39 | + |
| 40 | +my_list = [i for i in range(1,11)] |
| 41 | + |
| 42 | +square = map(lambda x: x**2, my_list) |
| 43 | +print(list(square)) |
| 44 | + |
| 45 | +pairs = filter(lambda x: x%2 == 0, my_list) |
| 46 | + |
| 47 | +print(list(pairs)) |
| 48 | + |
| 49 | +# Para reduce necesitamos importar functools |
| 50 | +from functools import reduce |
| 51 | + |
| 52 | +sum = reduce(lambda x, y: x + y, my_list) |
| 53 | +print(sum) # Salida 55 |
| 54 | + |
| 55 | +### EJERCICIO EXTRA |
| 56 | +students = [ |
| 57 | + { |
| 58 | + "name": "Manuel Rodriguez", |
| 59 | + "birth_date": "2002-05-14", |
| 60 | + "grades": [8.5, 7.0, 9.0, 6.5] |
| 61 | + }, |
| 62 | + { |
| 63 | + "name": "Lucia Perez", |
| 64 | + "birth_date": "2003-11-22", |
| 65 | + "grades": [7.5, 9.0, 8.0, 9.5] |
| 66 | + }, |
| 67 | + { |
| 68 | + "name": "Pedro Sanchez", |
| 69 | + "birth_date": "2001-08-05", |
| 70 | + "grades": [6.0, 5.5, 7.0, 6.5] |
| 71 | + }, |
| 72 | + { |
| 73 | + "name": "Ana Fernandez", |
| 74 | + "birth_date": "2004-01-30", |
| 75 | + "grades": [9.0, 8.5, 9.5, 10.0] |
| 76 | + }, |
| 77 | + { |
| 78 | + "name": "Carlos Garcia", |
| 79 | + "birth_date": "2002-07-19", |
| 80 | + "grades": [7.0, 7.5, 6.0, 8.0] |
| 81 | + } |
| 82 | +] |
| 83 | + |
| 84 | +# Promedio de calificaciones: |
| 85 | +def analysis(iterable: list, operation): |
| 86 | + return operation(iterable) |
| 87 | + |
| 88 | +def avg(iterable: list) ->list: |
| 89 | + |
| 90 | + avg_students = [] |
| 91 | + |
| 92 | + for element in iterable: |
| 93 | + avg = 0 |
| 94 | + for grade in element["grades"]: |
| 95 | + avg += grade |
| 96 | + avg /= len(element["grades"]) |
| 97 | + |
| 98 | + avg_students.append({ |
| 99 | + "name": element["name"], |
| 100 | + "avg": avg |
| 101 | + }) |
| 102 | + |
| 103 | + return avg_students |
| 104 | + |
| 105 | +avg_students = analysis(students, avg) |
| 106 | + |
| 107 | +print(list(avg_students)) |
| 108 | + |
| 109 | +# Aprovechamos la lista avg_students para obtener los mejores estudiantes, en este caso usaremos filter |
| 110 | +best_students = filter(lambda x: x['avg'] >=9 and x['avg']<=10, avg_students) |
| 111 | +print(list(best_students)) |
| 112 | + |
| 113 | +# Lista de estudiantes ordenada por fecha de nacimiento |
| 114 | +students_by_birthday = sorted(students, key=lambda p: p['birth_date']) |
| 115 | +print(list(students_by_birthday)) |
| 116 | + |
| 117 | +# Obtención de la nota más alta de entre todas las obtenidas por los estudiantes |
| 118 | +max_grade = reduce(lambda x,y: max(x,y), [grade for student in students for grade in student["grades"]]) |
| 119 | +print(max_grade) |
| 120 | + |
| 121 | +### FIN EJERCICIO EXTRA |
| 122 | + |
| 123 | + |
| 124 | +### FIN FUNCIONES DE ORDEN SUPERIOR EN PYTHON |
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