Update libcxx and libcxxabi to LLVM 18.1.2 (emscripten-core#21638)

This updates libcxx and libcxxabi to LLVM 18.1.2. Due to
llvm/llvm-project#65534 we need to update both
at the same time.

Things to note:

- Disable hardening mode:
  LLVM 18.1.2 adds support for "Hardening Modes" to libcxx
  (https://libcxx.llvm.org/Hardening.html). There are four modes: none,
  fast, extensive and debug. Different hardening modes make different
  trade-offs between the amount of checking and runtime performance. We
  for now disable it (i.e., set it to 'none') so that we don't have any
  effects on the performance. We can consider enabling it when we ever
  get to enable the debug version of libcxx.

- Disable C++20 time zone support:
  LLVM 18.1.2 adds C++20 time zone support
  (https://libcxx.llvm.org/DesignDocs/TimeZone.html) to libcxx, which
  requires access IANA Time Zone Database. Currently it seems it only
  supports Linux:
  https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/blob/26a1d6601d727a96f4301d0d8647b5a42760ae0c/libcxx/src/tz.cpp#L45-L49
  So this excludes the two source files from build (which is done via
  `CMakeLists.txt` in the upstream LLVM) and sets
  `_LIBCPP_HAS_NO_TIME_ZONE_DATABASE` macro in `__config_site`. In
  future maybe we can consider implementing this in JS.

- `__cxa_init_primary_exception` support:
  llvm/llvm-project#65534 introduces
  `__cxa_init_primary_exception` and uses this in libcxx. Like several
  other methods like the below in `cxa_exception.cpp`,
  https://github.com/emscripten-core/emscripten/blob/fbdd9249e939660cb0d20f00d6bc1897c2f3905e/system/lib/libcxxabi/src/cxa_exception.cpp#L264-L269
  this new function takes a pointer to a destructor, and in Wasm
  destructor returns a `this` pointer, which requires `ifdef
  __USING_WASM_EXCEPTION__` on its signature. And that it is also used
  in libcxx means we need to guard some code in libcxx with `ifdef
  __USING_WASM_EXCEPTION__` for the signature difference, and we need to
  build libcxx with `-D__USING_WASM_EXCEPTIONS__` when Wasm EH is used.
  Also we add Emscripte EH's counterpart in
  `cxa_exception_emscripten.cpp` too.

- This version fixes long-running misbehaviors of `operator new`
  llvm/llvm-project#69498 seems to fix some
  long-running misbhaviors of `operator new`, which in emscripten we
  tried to fix in emscripten-core#11079 and emscripten-core#20154. So while resolving the conflicts, I
  effectively reverted emscripten-core#11079 and emscripten-core#20154 in
  `libcxx/src/stdlib_new_delete.cpp` and `libcxx/src/new.cpp`.

- Add default `__assertion_handler` to `libcxx/include`:
  llvm/llvm-project#77883 adds a way for vendors
  to override how we handle assertions. If a vendor doesn't want to
  override it, CMake will copy the provided [default template assertion
  handler
  file](https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/blob/26a1d6601d727a96f4301d0d8647b5a42760ae0c/libcxx/vendor/llvm/default_assertion_handler.in)
  to libcxx's generated include dir, which defaults to
  `SYSROOT/include/c++/v1`:
  https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/blob/26a1d6601d727a96f4301d0d8647b5a42760ae0c/libcxx/CMakeLists.txt#L72-L73
  https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/blob/26a1d6601d727a96f4301d0d8647b5a42760ae0c/libcxx/CMakeLists.txt#L439
  https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/blob/26a1d6601d727a96f4301d0d8647b5a42760ae0c/libcxx/include/CMakeLists.txt#L1024
  We don't use CMake, so this renames the provided
  `vendor/llvm/default_assertion_handler.in` to `__assert_handler` in
  our `libcxx/include` directory, which will be copied to
  `SYSROOT/include/c++/v1`.

- Disable `__libcpp_verbose_abort directly` in code:
  In emscripten-core#20707 we decided to disable `__libcpp_verbose_abort` not to incur
  the code size increase that brings (it brings in `vfprintf` and its
  family). We disabled it in adding
  `#define _LIBCPP_AVAILABILITY_HAS_NO_VERBOSE_ABORT` in
  `__config_site`. But that `_NO_` macros are gone in LLVM 18.1.2, and
  changing it to `#define _LIBCPP_AVAILABILITY_HAS_VERBOSE_ABORT 0` does
  not work because it is overridden by this line, unless we provide our
  own vendor annotations:
  https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/blob/38f5596feda3276a8aa64fc14e074334017088ca/libcxx/include/__availability#L138
  I asked about this in
  llvm/llvm-project#87012 and
  llvm/llvm-project#71002 (comment)
  (and more comments below)
  but didn't get an actionable answer yet. So this disables
  `__libcpp_verbose_abort` in the code directly for now, hopefully
  temporarily.

Each fix is described in its own commit, except for the fixes required
to resolve conflicts when merging our changes, which I wasn't able to
commit separately.

Fixes emscripten-core#21603.

Author: aheejin

system/lib/libcxx/include/__algorithm/any_of.h

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 _LIBCPP_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 
 template <class _InputIterator, class _Predicate>
-_LIBCPP_NODISCARD_EXT inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_SINCE_CXX20 bool
+_LIBCPP_NODISCARD_EXT inline _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_SINCE_CXX20 bool
 any_of(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last, _Predicate __pred) {
   for (; __first != __last; ++__first)
     if (__pred(*__first))

system/lib/libcxx/include/__algorithm/binary_search.h

@@ -22,22 +22,16 @@
 _LIBCPP_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 
 template <class _ForwardIterator, class _Tp, class _Compare>
-_LIBCPP_NODISCARD_EXT inline
-_LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_SINCE_CXX20
-bool
-binary_search(_ForwardIterator __first, _ForwardIterator __last, const _Tp& __value, _Compare __comp)
-{
-    __first = std::lower_bound<_ForwardIterator, _Tp, __comp_ref_type<_Compare> >(__first, __last, __value, __comp);
-    return __first != __last && !__comp(__value, *__first);
+_LIBCPP_NODISCARD_EXT inline _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_SINCE_CXX20 bool
+binary_search(_ForwardIterator __first, _ForwardIterator __last, const _Tp& __value, _Compare __comp) {
+  __first = std::lower_bound<_ForwardIterator, _Tp, __comp_ref_type<_Compare> >(__first, __last, __value, __comp);
+  return __first != __last && !__comp(__value, *__first);
 }
 
 template <class _ForwardIterator, class _Tp>
-_LIBCPP_NODISCARD_EXT inline
-_LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_SINCE_CXX20
-bool
-binary_search(_ForwardIterator __first, _ForwardIterator __last, const _Tp& __value)
-{
-    return std::binary_search(__first, __last, __value, __less<>());
+_LIBCPP_NODISCARD_EXT inline _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_SINCE_CXX20 bool
+binary_search(_ForwardIterator __first, _ForwardIterator __last, const _Tp& __value) {
+  return std::binary_search(__first, __last, __value, __less<>());
 }
 
 _LIBCPP_END_NAMESPACE_STD

system/lib/libcxx/include/__algorithm/clamp.h

@@ -20,24 +20,22 @@
 _LIBCPP_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 
 #if _LIBCPP_STD_VER >= 17
-template<class _Tp, class _Compare>
-_LIBCPP_NODISCARD_EXT inline
-_LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr
-const _Tp&
-clamp(const _Tp& __v, const _Tp& __lo, const _Tp& __hi, _Compare __comp)
-{
-    _LIBCPP_ASSERT_UNCATEGORIZED(!__comp(__hi, __lo), "Bad bounds passed to std::clamp");
-    return __comp(__v, __lo) ? __lo : __comp(__hi, __v) ? __hi : __v;
-
+template <class _Tp, class _Compare>
+_LIBCPP_NODISCARD_EXT inline _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr const _Tp&
+clamp(_LIBCPP_LIFETIMEBOUND const _Tp& __v,
+      _LIBCPP_LIFETIMEBOUND const _Tp& __lo,
+      _LIBCPP_LIFETIMEBOUND const _Tp& __hi,
+      _Compare __comp) {
+  _LIBCPP_ASSERT_ARGUMENT_WITHIN_DOMAIN(!__comp(__hi, __lo), "Bad bounds passed to std::clamp");
+  return __comp(__v, __lo) ? __lo : __comp(__hi, __v) ? __hi : __v;
 }
 
-template<class _Tp>
-_LIBCPP_NODISCARD_EXT inline
-_LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY constexpr
-const _Tp&
-clamp(const _Tp& __v, const _Tp& __lo, const _Tp& __hi)
-{
-    return _VSTD::clamp(__v, __lo, __hi, __less<>());
+template <class _Tp>
+_LIBCPP_NODISCARD_EXT inline _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr const _Tp&
+clamp(_LIBCPP_LIFETIMEBOUND const _Tp& __v,
+      _LIBCPP_LIFETIMEBOUND const _Tp& __lo,
+      _LIBCPP_LIFETIMEBOUND const _Tp& __hi) {
+  return std::clamp(__v, __lo, __hi, __less<>());
 }
 #endif
 

system/lib/libcxx/include/__algorithm/comp.h

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 
 #include <__config>
 #include <__type_traits/integral_constant.h>
-#include <__type_traits/predicate_traits.h>
+#include <__type_traits/operation_traits.h>
 
 #if !defined(_LIBCPP_HAS_NO_PRAGMA_SYSTEM_HEADER)
 #  pragma GCC system_header
@@ -26,8 +26,8 @@ struct __equal_to {
   }
 };
 
-template <class _Lhs, class _Rhs>
-struct __is_trivial_equality_predicate<__equal_to, _Lhs, _Rhs> : true_type {};
+template <class _Tp, class _Up>
+struct __desugars_to<__equal_tag, __equal_to, _Tp, _Up> : true_type {};
 
 // The definition is required because __less is part of the ABI, but it's empty
 // because all comparisons should be transparent.

system/lib/libcxx/include/__algorithm/comp_ref_type.h

@@ -20,52 +20,41 @@
 _LIBCPP_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 
 template <class _Compare>
-struct __debug_less
-{
-    _Compare &__comp_;
-    _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_SINCE_CXX14 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI __debug_less(_Compare& __c) : __comp_(__c) {}
+struct __debug_less {
+  _Compare& __comp_;
+  _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_SINCE_CXX14 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI __debug_less(_Compare& __c) : __comp_(__c) {}
 
-    template <class _Tp, class _Up>
-    _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_SINCE_CXX14 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI
-    bool operator()(const _Tp& __x,  const _Up& __y)
-    {
-        bool __r = __comp_(__x, __y);
-        if (__r)
-            __do_compare_assert(0, __y, __x);
-        return __r;
-    }
+  template <class _Tp, class _Up>
+  _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_SINCE_CXX14 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI bool operator()(const _Tp& __x, const _Up& __y) {
+    bool __r = __comp_(__x, __y);
+    if (__r)
+      __do_compare_assert(0, __y, __x);
+    return __r;
+  }
 
-    template <class _Tp, class _Up>
-    _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_SINCE_CXX14 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI
-    bool operator()(_Tp& __x,  _Up& __y)
-    {
-        bool __r = __comp_(__x, __y);
-        if (__r)
-            __do_compare_assert(0, __y, __x);
-        return __r;
-    }
+  template <class _Tp, class _Up>
+  _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_SINCE_CXX14 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI bool operator()(_Tp& __x, _Up& __y) {
+    bool __r = __comp_(__x, __y);
+    if (__r)
+      __do_compare_assert(0, __y, __x);
+    return __r;
+  }
 
-    template <class _LHS, class _RHS>
-    _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_SINCE_CXX14
-    inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
-    decltype((void)std::declval<_Compare&>()(
-        std::declval<_LHS &>(), std::declval<_RHS &>()))
-    __do_compare_assert(int, _LHS & __l, _RHS & __r) {
-        _LIBCPP_ASSERT_UNCATEGORIZED(!__comp_(__l, __r),
-            "Comparator does not induce a strict weak ordering");
-        (void)__l;
-        (void)__r;
-    }
+  template <class _LHS, class _RHS>
+  _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_SINCE_CXX14 inline _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI decltype((void)std::declval<_Compare&>()(
+      std::declval<_LHS&>(), std::declval<_RHS&>()))
+  __do_compare_assert(int, _LHS& __l, _RHS& __r) {
+    _LIBCPP_ASSERT_SEMANTIC_REQUIREMENT(!__comp_(__l, __r), "Comparator does not induce a strict weak ordering");
+    (void)__l;
+    (void)__r;
+  }
 
-    template <class _LHS, class _RHS>
-    _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_SINCE_CXX14
-    inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
-    void __do_compare_assert(long, _LHS &, _RHS &) {}
+  template <class _LHS, class _RHS>
+  _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_SINCE_CXX14 inline _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI void __do_compare_assert(long, _LHS&, _RHS&) {}
 };
 
-// Pass the comparator by lvalue reference. Or in debug mode, using a
-// debugging wrapper that stores a reference.
-#if _LIBCPP_ENABLE_DEBUG_MODE
+// Pass the comparator by lvalue reference. Or in the debug mode, using a debugging wrapper that stores a reference.
+#if _LIBCPP_HARDENING_MODE == _LIBCPP_HARDENING_MODE_DEBUG
 template <class _Comp>
 using __comp_ref_type = __debug_less<_Comp>;
 #else

system/lib/libcxx/include/__algorithm/copy.h

@@ -51,9 +51,10 @@ struct __copy_loop {
 
     _OutIter& __result_;
 
-    _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI _CopySegment(_OutIter& __result) : __result_(__result) {}
+    _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_SINCE_CXX14 explicit _CopySegment(_OutIter& __result)
+        : __result_(__result) {}
 
-    _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI void
+    _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_SINCE_CXX14 void
     operator()(typename _Traits::__local_iterator __lfirst, typename _Traits::__local_iterator __llast) {
       __result_ = std::__copy<_AlgPolicy>(__lfirst, __llast, std::move(__result_)).second;
     }
@@ -112,7 +113,7 @@ __copy(_InIter __first, _Sent __last, _OutIter __result) {
 }
 
 template <class _InputIterator, class _OutputIterator>
-inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_SINCE_CXX20 _OutputIterator
+inline _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_SINCE_CXX20 _OutputIterator
 copy(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last, _OutputIterator __result) {
   return std::__copy<_ClassicAlgPolicy>(__first, __last, __result).second;
 }

system/lib/libcxx/include/__algorithm/copy_backward.h

@@ -108,8 +108,7 @@ struct __copy_backward_loop {
 
 struct __copy_backward_trivial {
   // At this point, the iterators have been unwrapped so any `contiguous_iterator` has been unwrapped to a pointer.
-  template <class _In, class _Out,
-            __enable_if_t<__can_lower_copy_assignment_to_memmove<_In, _Out>::value, int> = 0>
+  template <class _In, class _Out, __enable_if_t<__can_lower_copy_assignment_to_memmove<_In, _Out>::value, int> = 0>
   _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_SINCE_CXX14 pair<_In*, _Out*>
   operator()(_In* __first, _In* __last, _Out* __result) const {
     return std::__copy_backward_trivial_impl(__first, __last, __result);
@@ -124,16 +123,13 @@ __copy_backward(_BidirectionalIterator1 __first, _Sentinel __last, _Bidirectiona
 }
 
 template <class _BidirectionalIterator1, class _BidirectionalIterator2>
-inline _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_SINCE_CXX20
-_BidirectionalIterator2
-copy_backward(_BidirectionalIterator1 __first, _BidirectionalIterator1 __last,
-              _BidirectionalIterator2 __result)
-{
+inline _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_SINCE_CXX20 _BidirectionalIterator2
+copy_backward(_BidirectionalIterator1 __first, _BidirectionalIterator1 __last, _BidirectionalIterator2 __result) {
   static_assert(std::is_copy_constructible<_BidirectionalIterator1>::value &&
-                std::is_copy_constructible<_BidirectionalIterator1>::value, "Iterators must be copy constructible.");
+                    std::is_copy_constructible<_BidirectionalIterator1>::value,
+                "Iterators must be copy constructible.");
 
-  return std::__copy_backward<_ClassicAlgPolicy>(
-      std::move(__first), std::move(__last), std::move(__result)).second;
+  return std::__copy_backward<_ClassicAlgPolicy>(std::move(__first), std::move(__last), std::move(__result)).second;
 }
 
 _LIBCPP_END_NAMESPACE_STD

system/lib/libcxx/include/__algorithm/copy_if.h

@@ -17,21 +17,16 @@
 
 _LIBCPP_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 
-template<class _InputIterator, class _OutputIterator, class _Predicate>
-inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_SINCE_CXX20
-_OutputIterator
-copy_if(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last,
-        _OutputIterator __result, _Predicate __pred)
-{
-    for (; __first != __last; ++__first)
-    {
-        if (__pred(*__first))
-        {
-            *__result = *__first;
-            ++__result;
-        }
+template <class _InputIterator, class _OutputIterator, class _Predicate>
+inline _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_SINCE_CXX20 _OutputIterator
+copy_if(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last, _OutputIterator __result, _Predicate __pred) {
+  for (; __first != __last; ++__first) {
+    if (__pred(*__first)) {
+      *__result = *__first;
+      ++__result;
     }
-    return __result;
+  }
+  return __result;
 }
 
 _LIBCPP_END_NAMESPACE_STD

system/lib/libcxx/include/__algorithm/copy_move_common.h

@@ -31,29 +31,29 @@
 #  pragma GCC system_header
 #endif
 
+_LIBCPP_PUSH_MACROS
+#include <__undef_macros>
+
 _LIBCPP_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
 
 // Type traits.
 
 template <class _From, class _To>
 struct __can_lower_copy_assignment_to_memmove {
   static const bool value =
-    // If the types are always bitcastable, it's valid to do a bitwise copy between them.
-    __is_always_bitcastable<_From, _To>::value &&
-    // Reject conversions that wouldn't be performed by the regular built-in assignment (e.g. between arrays).
-    is_trivially_assignable<_To&, const _From&>::value &&
-    // `memmove` doesn't accept `volatile` pointers, make sure the optimization SFINAEs away in that case.
-    !is_volatile<_From>::value &&
-    !is_volatile<_To>::value;
+      // If the types are always bitcastable, it's valid to do a bitwise copy between them.
+      __is_always_bitcastable<_From, _To>::value &&
+      // Reject conversions that wouldn't be performed by the regular built-in assignment (e.g. between arrays).
+      is_trivially_assignable<_To&, const _From&>::value &&
+      // `memmove` doesn't accept `volatile` pointers, make sure the optimization SFINAEs away in that case.
+      !is_volatile<_From>::value && !is_volatile<_To>::value;
 };
 
 template <class _From, class _To>
 struct __can_lower_move_assignment_to_memmove {
   static const bool value =
-    __is_always_bitcastable<_From, _To>::value &&
-    is_trivially_assignable<_To&, _From&&>::value &&
-    !is_volatile<_From>::value &&
-    !is_volatile<_To>::value;
+      __is_always_bitcastable<_From, _To>::value && is_trivially_assignable<_To&, _From&&>::value &&
+      !is_volatile<_From>::value && !is_volatile<_To>::value;
 };
 
 // `memmove` algorithms implementation.
@@ -95,8 +95,8 @@ struct __can_rewrap<_InIter,
                     _Sent,
                     _OutIter,
                     // Note that sentinels are always copy-constructible.
-                    __enable_if_t< is_copy_constructible<_InIter>::value &&
-                                   is_copy_constructible<_OutIter>::value > > : true_type {};
+                    __enable_if_t< is_copy_constructible<_InIter>::value && is_copy_constructible<_OutIter>::value > >
+    : true_type {};
 
 template <class _Algorithm,
           class _InIter,
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ __unwrap_and_dispatch(_InIter __first, _Sent __last, _OutIter __out_first) {
   auto __range  = std::__unwrap_range(__first, std::move(__last));
   auto __result = _Algorithm()(std::move(__range.first), std::move(__range.second), std::__unwrap_iter(__out_first));
   return std::make_pair(std::__rewrap_range<_Sent>(std::move(__first), std::move(__result.first)),
-                                 std::__rewrap_iter(std::move(__out_first), std::move(__result.second)));
+                        std::__rewrap_iter(std::move(__out_first), std::move(__result.second)));
 }
 
 template <class _Algorithm,
@@ -135,4 +135,6 @@ __dispatch_copy_or_move(_InIter __first, _Sent __last, _OutIter __out_first) {
 
 _LIBCPP_END_NAMESPACE_STD
 
+_LIBCPP_POP_MACROS
+
 #endif // _LIBCPP___ALGORITHM_COPY_MOVE_COMMON_H