fix(platform-browser): avoid circular DI error in async renderer

In angular/components#30179 the CDK overlay started depending on the `Renderer2Factory`. Since the overlay is used in the `MatSnackbar` which is commonly used in error handlers, `Overlay` can end up being injected as a part of the app initialization. Because `AsyncAnimationRendererFactory` depends on the `ChangeDetectionScheduler`, it may cause a circular dependency.

These changes inject the `ChangeDetectionScheduler` lazily to avoid the error.

Note: this will also be resolved by angular#58984, but I decided to send it out, because:
1. angular#58984 seems to be stuck on some internal cleanup.
2. The `AsyncAnimationRendererFactory` doesn't need the `scheduler` eagerly anyway so the change is fairly safe.

Fixes angular#59255.

Author: crisbeto

packages/platform-browser/animations/async/src/async_animation_renderer.ts

@@ -34,7 +34,8 @@ const ANIMATION_PREFIX = '@';
 @Injectable()
 export class AsyncAnimationRendererFactory implements OnDestroy, RendererFactory2 {
   private _rendererFactoryPromise: Promise<AnimationRendererFactory> | null = null;
-  private readonly scheduler = inject(ChangeDetectionScheduler, {optional: true});
+  private scheduler: ChangeDetectionScheduler | null = null;
+  private readonly injector = inject(Injector);
   private readonly loadingSchedulerFn = inject(ɵASYNC_ANIMATION_LOADING_SCHEDULER_FN, {
     optional: true,
   });
@@ -143,6 +144,7 @@ export class AsyncAnimationRendererFactory implements OnDestroy, RendererFactory
           rendererType,
         );
         dynamicRenderer.use(animationRenderer);
+        this.scheduler ??= this.injector.get(ChangeDetectionScheduler, null, {optional: true});
         this.scheduler?.notify(NotificationSource.AsyncAnimationsLoaded);
       })
       .catch((e) => {

packages/platform-browser/animations/async/test/animation_renderer_spec.ts

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ import {
   afterNextRender,
   ANIMATION_MODULE_TYPE,
   Component,
+  ErrorHandler,
   inject,
   Injectable,
   Injector,
@@ -447,6 +448,26 @@ type AnimationBrowserModule = typeof import('@angular/animations/browser');
         }
       });
     });
+
+    it('should be able to inject the renderer factory in an ErrorHandler', async () => {
+      @Injectable({providedIn: 'root'})
+      class CustomErrorHandler {
+        renderer = inject(RendererFactory2).createRenderer(null, null);
+      }
+
+      @Component({template: ''})
+      class App {}
+
+      TestBed.resetTestingModule();
+      TestBed.configureTestingModule({
+        providers: [
+          provideAnimationsAsync(),
+          {provide: ErrorHandler, useClass: CustomErrorHandler},
+        ],
+      });
+
+      expect(() => TestBed.createComponent(App)).not.toThrow();
+    });
   });
 })();