Update setup.py for use as a library

All dependencies are changed to >= dependencies, rather than ==, which make
climada suitable for use as a library. In addition, the following changes were
made to ensure compatability with lab:

 - Removed cartopy as a requirement, since it tends to break automation with its
   requirements on numpy at install time.
 - Downgrade the version of the following packages to match lab:
   - cython
   - geopandas
   - matplotlib
   - nbformat
   - numpy
   - pillow
   - xlrd
   - xlsxwriter
   - pandas
 - Change the specified dependence of proj==7.0.0 (which is a c library) to
   pyproj>=2.6, the python package the exposes proj API bindings in python.
 - Pin the following dependences (i.e. == instead of >=):
   - xarray==0.13.0 to stop it from bringing in a pandas>=0.25 dependency
   - gdal==3.0.4 version, since 3.0.4 is what ships with Ubuntu 20.04. Running
     higher versions causes compile time problems.
 - Include explicit dependencies on rtree (optional dep of geopandas) and fsspec
   (optional dep of dask)

This change is not without impact. There are known test failures on the
cannoncial lab setup (Ubuntu 20.04, Python 3.8, installed with
rebuild-venv.sh), including:

 - TypeError: visit_Constant() got an unexpected keyword argument 'side'
   in pandas code. This is a known error with pandas 0.24 when running on
   python 3.8 which is fixed in 0.25.2. See discussion at:
   - https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1746847
   - pandas-dev/pandas#28101
 - In pandas, either:
     AttributeError: 'Series' object has no attribute 'to_numpy'
   or
     AttributeError: module 'pandas' has no attribute 'arrays'
   Both of these refer to pandas functionality introduced in 0.24.0 that is
   used directly by CLIMADA.
 - ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'pyepsg'
   'pyepsg' is a wrapper tool that downloads epsg info from the web. This is
   explicitly excluded in order to prevent production instances from relying on
   a third party site.
 - When pandas is reading an excel file, it uses the xlrd library, which
   references the time.clock() API, which has been long deprecated and was
   completley removed in Python 3.8.

Note that most of these errors could be resolved by bumping the pandas version
to 0.25.2, a change which is pending further work in lab.

Author: msci-jordancrawford

setup.py

@@ -54,43 +54,46 @@ def package_files(directory):
     packages=find_packages(where='.'),
 
     install_requires=[
-        'bottleneck==1.3.2',
-        'cartopy==0.18.0',
-        'cfgrib==0.9.7.7',
-        'cython==0.29.21',
-        'dask==2.25.0',
-        'fiona==1.8.13.post1',
+        'bottleneck>=1.3.2',
+        'cfgrib>=0.9.7.7',
+        'cython>=0.28.2',
+        'dask>=2.25.0',
+        'fsspec>=0.3.3',  # Needed for dask dataframes
+        'fiona>=1.8.13.post1',
         'gdal==3.0.4',
-        'geopandas==0.6.1',
-        'h5py==2.10.0',
-        'haversine==2.3.0',
-        'nbconvert==5.6.1',
-        'nbformat==5.0.7',
-        'netcdf4==1.5.4',
-        'numba==0.51.2',
-        'numpy==1.19.1',
-        'matplotlib==3.2.2',
-        'pandas==1.0.5',
-        'pandas-datareader==0.8.1',
-        'pillow==7.2.0',
-        'pint==0.15',
-        'proj==7.0.0',
-        'tables==3.6.1',
-        'rasterio==1.1.5',
-        'scikit-learn==0.23.2',
-        'statsmodels==0.11.1',
-        'tabulate==0.8.7',
-        'tqdm==4.48.2',
+        'geopandas>=0.5.0',
+        'rtree==0.8.3',  # Optional geopandas dependency
+        'h5py>=2.10.0',
+        'haversine>=2.3.0',
+        'nbconvert>=5.6.1',
+        'nbformat>=4.4',
+        'netcdf4>=1.5.4',
+        'numba>=0.51.2',
+        'numpy>=1.18.1',
+        'matplotlib>=3.1.2',
+        # Pandas can be a bit of a problem:
+        #'pandas==1.0.5',
+        #'pandas-datareader==0.8.1',
+        'pandas>=0.23.4',
+        'pandas_datareader>=0.7.0',
+        'pillow>=7.0.0',
+        'pint>=0.15',
+        'pyproj>=2.6.0',
+        'tables>=3.6.1',
+        'rasterio>=1.1.5',
+        'scikit-learn>=0.23.2',
+        'statsmodels>=0.11.1',
+        'tabulate>=0.8.7',
+        'tqdm>=4.48.2',
         'xarray==0.13.0',
-        'xlrd==1.2.0',
-        'xlsxwriter==1.3.3',
-        
-        'contextily==1.0.0',
-        'iso3166==1.0.1',
-        'overpy==0.4',
-        'pathos==0.2.6',
-        'pybufrkit==0.2.17',
-        'xmlrunner==1.7.7',
+        'xlrd>=1.1.0',
+        'xlsxwriter>=1.1.7',
+        'contextily>=1.0.0',
+        'iso3166>=1.0.1',
+        'overpy>=0.4',
+        'pathos>=0.2.6',
+        'pybufrkit>=0.2.17',
+        'xmlrunner>=1.7.7',
     ],
 
     package_data={'': extra_files},