CLN: use f-strings where possible

Mechanically transformed with `flynt`

Author: akx

pandas/_config/config.py

@@ -499,7 +499,7 @@ def register_option(
     path = key.split(".")
 
     for k in path:
-        if not re.match("^" + tokenize.Name + "$", k):
+        if not re.match(f"^{tokenize.Name}$", k):
             raise ValueError(f"{k} is not a valid identifier")
         if keyword.iskeyword(k):
             raise ValueError(f"{k} is a python keyword")
@@ -707,7 +707,7 @@ def pp_options_list(keys: Iterable[str], width: int = 80, _print: bool = False):
     from textwrap import wrap
 
     def pp(name: str, ks: Iterable[str]) -> list[str]:
-        pfx = "- " + name + ".[" if name else ""
+        pfx = f"- {name}.[" if name else ""
         ls = wrap(
             ", ".join(ks),
             width,
@@ -716,7 +716,7 @@ def pp(name: str, ks: Iterable[str]) -> list[str]:
             break_long_words=False,
         )
         if ls and ls[-1] and name:
-            ls[-1] = ls[-1] + "]"
+            ls[-1] = f"{ls[-1]}]"
         return ls
 
     ls: list[str] = []

pandas/_version.py

@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ def run_command(commands, args, cwd=None, verbose=False, hide_stderr=False, env=
             if e.errno == errno.ENOENT:
                 continue
             if verbose:
-                print("unable to run %s" % dispcmd)
+                print(f"unable to run {dispcmd}")
                 print(e)
             return None, None
     else:
@@ -98,8 +98,8 @@ def run_command(commands, args, cwd=None, verbose=False, hide_stderr=False, env=
     stdout = p.communicate()[0].strip().decode()
     if p.returncode != 0:
         if verbose:
-            print("unable to run %s (error)" % dispcmd)
-            print("stdout was %s" % stdout)
+            print(f"unable to run {dispcmd} (error)")
+            print(f"stdout was {stdout}")
         return None, p.returncode
     return stdout, p.returncode
 
@@ -202,15 +202,15 @@ def git_versions_from_keywords(keywords, tag_prefix, verbose):
         # "stabilization", as well as "HEAD" and "main".
         tags = {r for r in refs if re.search(r"\d", r)}
         if verbose:
-            print("discarding '%s', no digits" % ",".join(refs - tags))
+            print(f"discarding '{','.join(refs - tags)}', no digits")
     if verbose:
-        print("likely tags: %s" % ",".join(sorted(tags)))
+        print(f"likely tags: {','.join(sorted(tags))}")
     for ref in sorted(tags):
         # sorting will prefer e.g. "2.0" over "2.0rc1"
         if ref.startswith(tag_prefix):
             r = ref[len(tag_prefix) :]
             if verbose:
-                print("picking %s" % r)
+                print(f"picking {r}")
             return {
                 "version": r,
                 "full-revisionid": keywords["full"].strip(),
@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ def git_pieces_from_vcs(tag_prefix, root, verbose, run_command=run_command):
     out, rc = run_command(GITS, ["rev-parse", "--git-dir"], cwd=root, hide_stderr=True)
     if rc != 0:
         if verbose:
-            print("Directory %s not under git control" % root)
+            print(f"Directory {root} not under git control")
         raise NotThisMethod("'git rev-parse --git-dir' returned error")
 
     # if there is a tag matching tag_prefix, this yields TAG-NUM-gHEX[-dirty]
@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ def git_pieces_from_vcs(tag_prefix, root, verbose, run_command=run_command):
             "--always",
             "--long",
             "--match",
-            "%s*" % tag_prefix,
+            f"{tag_prefix}*",
         ],
         cwd=root,
     )
@@ -294,7 +294,7 @@ def git_pieces_from_vcs(tag_prefix, root, verbose, run_command=run_command):
         mo = re.search(r"^(.+)-(\d+)-g([0-9a-f]+)$", git_describe)
         if not mo:
             # unparsable. Maybe git-describe is misbehaving?
-            pieces["error"] = "unable to parse git-describe output: '%s'" % describe_out
+            pieces["error"] = f"unable to parse git-describe output: '{describe_out}'"
             return pieces
 
         # tag
@@ -354,12 +354,12 @@ def render_pep440(pieces):
         rendered = pieces["closest-tag"]
         if pieces["distance"] or pieces["dirty"]:
             rendered += plus_or_dot(pieces)
-            rendered += "%d.g%s" % (pieces["distance"], pieces["short"])
+            rendered += f"{int(pieces['distance'])}.g{pieces['short']}"
             if pieces["dirty"]:
                 rendered += ".dirty"
     else:
         # exception #1
-        rendered = "0+untagged.%d.g%s" % (pieces["distance"], pieces["short"])
+        rendered = f"0+untagged.{int(pieces['distance'])}.g{pieces['short']}"
         if pieces["dirty"]:
             rendered += ".dirty"
     return rendered
@@ -374,10 +374,10 @@ def render_pep440_pre(pieces):
     if pieces["closest-tag"]:
         rendered = pieces["closest-tag"]
         if pieces["distance"]:
-            rendered += ".post0.dev%d" % pieces["distance"]
+            rendered += f".post0.dev{int(pieces['distance'])}"
     else:
         # exception #1
-        rendered = "0.post0.dev%d" % pieces["distance"]
+        rendered = f"0.post0.dev{int(pieces['distance'])}"
     return rendered
 
 
@@ -394,17 +394,17 @@ def render_pep440_post(pieces):
     if pieces["closest-tag"]:
         rendered = pieces["closest-tag"]
         if pieces["distance"] or pieces["dirty"]:
-            rendered += ".post%d" % pieces["distance"]
+            rendered += f".post{int(pieces['distance'])}"
             if pieces["dirty"]:
                 rendered += ".dev0"
             rendered += plus_or_dot(pieces)
-            rendered += "g%s" % pieces["short"]
+            rendered += f"g{pieces['short']}"
     else:
         # exception #1
-        rendered = "0.post%d" % pieces["distance"]
+        rendered = f"0.post{int(pieces['distance'])}"
         if pieces["dirty"]:
             rendered += ".dev0"
-        rendered += "+g%s" % pieces["short"]
+        rendered += f"+g{pieces['short']}"
     return rendered
 
 
@@ -419,12 +419,12 @@ def render_pep440_old(pieces):
     if pieces["closest-tag"]:
         rendered = pieces["closest-tag"]
         if pieces["distance"] or pieces["dirty"]:
-            rendered += ".post%d" % pieces["distance"]
+            rendered += f".post{int(pieces['distance'])}"
             if pieces["dirty"]:
                 rendered += ".dev0"
     else:
         # exception #1
-        rendered = "0.post%d" % pieces["distance"]
+        rendered = f"0.post{int(pieces['distance'])}"
         if pieces["dirty"]:
             rendered += ".dev0"
     return rendered
@@ -441,7 +441,7 @@ def render_git_describe(pieces):
     if pieces["closest-tag"]:
         rendered = pieces["closest-tag"]
         if pieces["distance"]:
-            rendered += "-%d-g%s" % (pieces["distance"], pieces["short"])
+            rendered += f"-{int(pieces['distance'])}-g{pieces['short']}"
     else:
         # exception #1
         rendered = pieces["short"]
@@ -461,7 +461,7 @@ def render_git_describe_long(pieces):
     """
     if pieces["closest-tag"]:
         rendered = pieces["closest-tag"]
-        rendered += "-%d-g%s" % (pieces["distance"], pieces["short"])
+        rendered += f"-{int(pieces['distance'])}-g{pieces['short']}"
     else:
         # exception #1
         rendered = pieces["short"]
@@ -497,7 +497,7 @@ def render(pieces, style):
     elif style == "git-describe-long":
         rendered = render_git_describe_long(pieces)
     else:
-        raise ValueError("unknown style '%s'" % style)
+        raise ValueError(f"unknown style '{style}'")
 
     return {
         "version": rendered,

pandas/conftest.py

@@ -1774,7 +1774,7 @@ def spmatrix(request):
     """
     from scipy import sparse
 
-    return getattr(sparse, request.param + "_matrix")
+    return getattr(sparse, f"{request.param}_matrix")
 
 
 @pytest.fixture(

pandas/core/arraylike.py

@@ -304,8 +304,7 @@ def array_ufunc(self, ufunc: np.ufunc, method: str, *inputs: Any, **kwargs: Any)
             # well. Previously this raised an internal ValueError. We might
             # support it someday, so raise a NotImplementedError.
             raise NotImplementedError(
-                "Cannot apply ufunc {} to mixed DataFrame and Series "
-                "inputs.".format(ufunc)
+                f"Cannot apply ufunc {ufunc} to mixed DataFrame and Series inputs."
             )
         axes = self.axes
         for obj in alignable[1:]:

pandas/core/arrays/categorical.py

@@ -2195,7 +2195,7 @@ def _repr_categories_info(self) -> str:
         start = True
         cur_col_len = len(levheader)  # header
         sep_len, sep = (3, " < ") if self.ordered else (2, ", ")
-        linesep = sep.rstrip() + "\n"  # remove whitespace
+        linesep = f"{sep.rstrip()}\n"  # remove whitespace
         for val in category_strs:
             if max_width != 0 and cur_col_len + sep_len + len(val) > max_width:
                 levstring += linesep + (" " * (len(levheader) + 1))
@@ -2206,7 +2206,7 @@ def _repr_categories_info(self) -> str:
             levstring += val
             start = False
         # replace to simple save space by
-        return levheader + "[" + levstring.replace(" < ... < ", " ... ") + "]"
+        return f"{levheader}[{levstring.replace(' < ... < ', ' ... ')}]"
 
     def _repr_footer(self) -> str:
         info = self._repr_categories_info()

pandas/core/arrays/masked.py

@@ -1058,7 +1058,7 @@ def _reduce(self, name: str, *, skipna: bool = True, **kwargs):
             data = self.to_numpy("float64", na_value=np.nan)
 
         # median, var, std, skew, kurt, idxmin, idxmax
-        op = getattr(nanops, "nan" + name)
+        op = getattr(nanops, f"nan{name}")
         result = op(data, axis=0, skipna=skipna, mask=mask, **kwargs)
 
         if np.isnan(result):

pandas/core/arrays/string_arrow.py

@@ -317,11 +317,11 @@ def _str_contains(
         return result
 
     def _str_startswith(self, pat: str, na=None):
-        pat = "^" + re.escape(pat)
+        pat = f"^{re.escape(pat)}"
         return self._str_contains(pat, na=na, regex=True)
 
     def _str_endswith(self, pat: str, na=None):
-        pat = re.escape(pat) + "$"
+        pat = f"{re.escape(pat)}$"
         return self._str_contains(pat, na=na, regex=True)
 
     def _str_replace(
@@ -345,14 +345,14 @@ def _str_match(
         self, pat: str, case: bool = True, flags: int = 0, na: Scalar | None = None
     ):
         if not pat.startswith("^"):
-            pat = "^" + pat
+            pat = f"^{pat}"
         return self._str_contains(pat, case, flags, na, regex=True)
 
     def _str_fullmatch(
         self, pat, case: bool = True, flags: int = 0, na: Scalar | None = None
     ):
         if not pat.endswith("$") or pat.endswith("//$"):
-            pat = pat + "$"
+            pat = f"{pat}$"
         return self._str_match(pat, case, flags, na)
 
     def _str_isalnum(self):

pandas/core/computation/expr.py

@@ -410,7 +410,7 @@ def visit(self, node, **kwargs):
                     e.msg = "Python keyword not valid identifier in numexpr query"
                 raise e
 
-        method = "visit_" + type(node).__name__
+        method = f"visit_{type(node).__name__}"
         visitor = getattr(self, method)
         return visitor(node, **kwargs)
 

pandas/core/computation/parsing.py

@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ def create_valid_python_identifier(name: str) -> str:
     )
 
     name = "".join([special_characters_replacements.get(char, char) for char in name])
-    name = "BACKTICK_QUOTED_STRING_" + name
+    name = f"BACKTICK_QUOTED_STRING_{name}"
 
     if not name.isidentifier():
         raise SyntaxError(f"Could not convert '{name}' to a valid Python identifier.")

pandas/core/computation/scope.py

@@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ def _get_vars(self, stack, scopes: list[str]) -> None:
         variables = itertools.product(scopes, stack)
         for scope, (frame, _, _, _, _, _) in variables:
             try:
-                d = getattr(frame, "f_" + scope)
+                d = getattr(frame, f"f_{scope}")
                 self.scope = DeepChainMap(self.scope.new_child(d))
             finally:
                 # won't remove it, but DECREF it

pandas/core/dtypes/dtypes.py

@@ -804,7 +804,7 @@ def __hash__(self) -> int:
     def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
         if isinstance(other, str):
             if other.startswith("M8["):
-                other = "datetime64[" + other[3:]
+                other = f"datetime64[{other[3:]}"
             return other == self.name
 
         return (

pandas/core/frame.py

@@ -1078,7 +1078,7 @@ def _repr_html_(self) -> str | None:
             # need to escape the <class>, should be the first line.
             val = buf.getvalue().replace("<", r"&lt;", 1)
             val = val.replace(">", r"&gt;", 1)
-            return "<pre>" + val + "</pre>"
+            return f"<pre>{val}</pre>"
 
         if get_option("display.notebook_repr_html"):
             max_rows = get_option("display.max_rows")

pandas/core/groupby/groupby.py

@@ -1531,9 +1531,9 @@ def f(g):
                     with np.errstate(all="ignore"):
                         return func(g, *args, **kwargs)
 
-            elif hasattr(nanops, "nan" + func):
+            elif hasattr(nanops, f"nan{func}"):
                 # TODO: should we wrap this in to e.g. _is_builtin_func?
-                f = getattr(nanops, "nan" + func)
+                f = getattr(nanops, f"nan{func}")
 
             else:
                 raise ValueError(

pandas/core/indexes/category.py

@@ -350,7 +350,7 @@ def _format_attrs(self):
         attrs = [
             (
                 "categories",
-                "[" + ", ".join(self._data._repr_categories()) + "]",
+                f"[{', '.join(self._data._repr_categories())}]",
             ),
             ("ordered", self.ordered),
         ]

pandas/core/indexes/interval.py

@@ -831,7 +831,7 @@ def _format_native_types(
     def _format_data(self, name=None) -> str:
         # TODO: integrate with categorical and make generic
         # name argument is unused here; just for compat with base / categorical
-        return self._data._format_data() + "," + self._format_space()
+        return f"{self._data._format_data()},{self._format_space()}"
 
     # --------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Set Operations

pandas/core/interchange/column.py

@@ -329,7 +329,7 @@ def _get_validity_buffer(self) -> tuple[PandasBuffer, Any]:
             return buffer, dtype
 
         try:
-            msg = _NO_VALIDITY_BUFFER[null] + " so does not have a separate mask"
+            msg = f"{_NO_VALIDITY_BUFFER[null]} so does not have a separate mask"
         except KeyError:
             # TODO: implement for other bit/byte masks?
             raise NotImplementedError("See self.describe_null")

pandas/core/nanops.py

@@ -1043,7 +1043,7 @@ def nansem(
 
 
 def _nanminmax(meth, fill_value_typ):
-    @bottleneck_switch(name="nan" + meth)
+    @bottleneck_switch(name=f"nan{meth}")
     @_datetimelike_compat
     def reduction(
         values: np.ndarray,

pandas/core/ops/docstrings.py

@@ -25,11 +25,11 @@ def make_flex_doc(op_name: str, typ: str) -> str:
     op_desc_op = op_desc["op"]
     assert op_desc_op is not None  # for mypy
     if op_name.startswith("r"):
-        equiv = "other " + op_desc_op + " " + typ
+        equiv = f"other {op_desc_op} {typ}"
     elif op_name == "divmod":
         equiv = f"{op_name}({typ}, other)"
     else:
-        equiv = typ + " " + op_desc_op + " other"
+        equiv = f"{typ} {op_desc_op} other"
 
     if typ == "series":
         base_doc = _flex_doc_SERIES

pandas/io/clipboard/__init__.py

@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ def __init__(self, f) -> None:
     def __call__(self, *args):
         ret = self.f(*args)
         if not ret and get_errno():
-            raise PyperclipWindowsException("Error calling " + self.f.__name__)
+            raise PyperclipWindowsException(f"Error calling {self.f.__name__}")
         return ret
 
     def __setattr__(self, key, value):

pandas/io/formats/css.py

@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ class CSSResolver:
             for prop in ["", "top", "right", "bottom", "left"]
         },
         **{
-            "-".join(["border", prop]): _side_expander("border-{:s}-" + prop)
+            "-".join(["border", prop]): _side_expander(f"border-{{:s}}-{prop}")
             for prop in ["color", "style", "width"]
         },
         **{