gh-90548: Make musl test skips smarter (fixes Alpine errors) (#131313)

* Make musl test skips smarter (fixes Alpine errors)

A relatively small number of tests fail when the underlying c library is
provided by musl.  This was originally reported in bpo-46390 by
Christian Heimes.  Among other changes, these tests were marked for
skipping in gh-31947/ef1327e3 as part of bpo-40280 (emscripten support),
but the skips were conditioned on the *platform* being emscripten (or
wasi, skips for which ere added in 9b50585).

In gh-131071 Victor Stinner added a linked_to_musl function to enable
skipping a test in test_math that fails under musl, like it does on a
number of other platforms.  This check can successfully detect that
python is running under musl on Alpine, which was the original problem
report in bpo-46390.

This PR replaces Victor's solution with an enhancement to
platform.libc_ver that does the check more cheaply, and also gets the
version number.  The latter is important because the math test being
skipped is due to a bug in musl that has been fixed, but as of this
checkin date has not yet been released.  When it is, the test skip can
be fixed to check for the minimum needed version.

The enhanced version of linked_to_musl is also used to do the skips of
the other tests that generically fail under musl, as opposed to
emscripten or wasi only failures.  This will allow these tests to be
skipped automatically on Alpine.

This PR does *not* enhance libc_ver to support emscripten and wasi, as
I'm not familiar with those platforms; instead it returns a version
triple of (0, 0, 0) for those platforms.  This means the musl tests will
be skipped regardless of musl version, so ideally someone will add
support to libc_ver for these platforms.

* Platform tests and bug fixes.

In adding tests for the new platform code I found a bug in the old code:
if a valid version is passed for version and it is greater than the
version found for an so *and* there is no glibc version, then the
version from the argument was returned.  The code changes here fix
that.

* Add support docs, including for some preexisting is_xxx's.

* Add news item about libc_ver enhancement.

* Prettify platform re expression using re.VERBOSE.

Author: bitdancer

Doc/library/test.rst

@@ -246,7 +246,27 @@ The :mod:`test.support` module defines the following constants:
 
 .. data:: is_android
 
-   ``True`` if the system is Android.
+   ``True`` if ``sys.platform`` is ``android``.
+
+
+.. data:: is_emscripten
+
+   ``True`` if ``sys.platform`` is ``emscripten``.
+
+
+.. data:: is_wasi
+
+   ``True`` if ``sys.platform`` is ``wasi``.
+
+
+.. data:: is_apple_mobile
+
+   ``True`` if ``sys.platform`` is ``ios``, ``tvos``, or ``watchos``.
+
+
+.. data:: is_apple
+
+   ``True`` if ``sys.platform`` is ``darwin`` or ``is_apple_mobile`` is ``True``.
 
 
 .. data:: unix_shell
@@ -831,6 +851,15 @@ The :mod:`test.support` module defines the following functions:
    Decorator for tests that fill the address space.
 
 
+.. function:: linked_with_musl()
+
+   Return ``False`` if there is no evidence the interperter was compiled with
+   ``musl``, otherwise return a version triple, either ``(0, 0, 0)`` if the
+   version is unknown, or the actual version if it is known.  Intended for use
+   in ``skip`` decorators.  ``emscripten`` and ``wasi`` are assumed to be
+   compiled with ``musl``; otherwise ``platform.libc_ver`` is checked.
+
+
 .. function:: check_syntax_error(testcase, statement, errtext='', *, lineno=None, offset=None)
 
    Test for syntax errors in *statement* by attempting to compile *statement*.

Lib/platform.py

@@ -189,22 +189,25 @@ def libc_ver(executable=None, lib='', version='', chunksize=16384):
             # sys.executable is not set.
             return lib, version
 
-    libc_search = re.compile(b'(__libc_init)'
-                          b'|'
-                          b'(GLIBC_([0-9.]+))'
-                          b'|'
-                          br'(libc(_\w+)?\.so(?:\.(\d[0-9.]*))?)', re.ASCII)
+    libc_search = re.compile(br"""
+          (__libc_init)
+        | (GLIBC_([0-9.]+))
+        | (libc(_\w+)?\.so(?:\.(\d[0-9.]*))?)
+        | (musl-([0-9.]+))
+        """,
+        re.ASCII | re.VERBOSE)
 
     V = _comparable_version
     # We use os.path.realpath()
     # here to work around problems with Cygwin not being
     # able to open symlinks for reading
     executable = os.path.realpath(executable)
+    ver = None
     with open(executable, 'rb') as f:
         binary = f.read(chunksize)
         pos = 0
         while pos < len(binary):
-            if b'libc' in binary or b'GLIBC' in binary:
+            if b'libc' in binary or b'GLIBC' in binary or b'musl' in binary:
                 m = libc_search.search(binary, pos)
             else:
                 m = None
@@ -216,26 +219,30 @@ def libc_ver(executable=None, lib='', version='', chunksize=16384):
                     continue
                 if not m:
                     break
-            libcinit, glibc, glibcversion, so, threads, soversion = [
+            libcinit, glibc, glibcversion, so, threads, soversion, musl, muslversion = [
                 s.decode('latin1') if s is not None else s
                 for s in m.groups()]
             if libcinit and not lib:
                 lib = 'libc'
             elif glibc:
                 if lib != 'glibc':
                     lib = 'glibc'
-                    version = glibcversion
-                elif V(glibcversion) > V(version):
-                    version = glibcversion
+                    ver = glibcversion
+                elif V(glibcversion) > V(ver):
+                    ver = glibcversion
             elif so:
                 if lib != 'glibc':
                     lib = 'libc'
-                    if soversion and (not version or V(soversion) > V(version)):
-                        version = soversion
-                    if threads and version[-len(threads):] != threads:
-                        version = version + threads
+                    if soversion and (not ver or V(soversion) > V(ver)):
+                        ver = soversion
+                    if threads and ver[-len(threads):] != threads:
+                        ver = ver + threads
+            elif musl:
+                lib = 'musl'
+                if not ver or V(muslversion) > V(ver):
+                    ver = muslversion
             pos = m.end()
-    return lib, version
+    return lib, version if ver is None else ver
 
 def _norm_version(version, build=''):
 

Lib/test/support/__init__.py

@@ -3016,20 +3016,35 @@ def is_libssl_fips_mode():
     return get_fips_mode() != 0
 
 
+_linked_to_musl = None
 def linked_to_musl():
     """
-    Test if the Python executable is linked to the musl C library.
+    Report if the Python executable is linked to the musl C library.
+
+    Return False if we don't think it is, or a version triple otherwise.
     """
+    # This is can be a relatively expensive check, so we use a cache.
+    global _linked_to_musl
+    if _linked_to_musl is not None:
+        return _linked_to_musl
+
+    # emscripten (at least as far as we're concerned) and wasi use musl,
+    # but platform doesn't know how to get the version, so set it to zero.
+    if is_emscripten or is_wasi:
+        _linked_to_musl = (0, 0, 0)
+        return _linked_to_musl
+
+    # On all other non-linux platforms assume no musl.
     if sys.platform != 'linux':
-        return False
+        _linked_to_musl = False
+        return _linked_to_musl
 
-    import subprocess
-    exe = getattr(sys, '_base_executable', sys.executable)
-    cmd = ['ldd', exe]
-    try:
-        stdout = subprocess.check_output(cmd,
-                                         text=True,
-                                         stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
-    except (OSError, subprocess.CalledProcessError):
-        return False
-    return ('musl' in stdout)
+    # On linux, we'll depend on the platform module to do the check, so new
+    # musl platforms should add support in that module if possible.
+    import platform
+    lib, version = platform.libc_ver()
+    if lib != 'musl':
+        _linked_to_musl = False
+        return _linked_to_musl
+    _linked_to_musl = tuple(map(int, version.split('.')))
+    return _linked_to_musl

Lib/test/test__locale.py

@@ -137,10 +137,7 @@ def numeric_tester(self, calc_type, calc_value, data_type, used_locale):
             return True
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(nl_langinfo, "nl_langinfo is not available")
-    @unittest.skipIf(
-        support.is_emscripten or support.is_wasi,
-        "musl libc issue on Emscripten, bpo-46390"
-    )
+    @unittest.skipIf(support.linked_to_musl(), "musl libc issue, bpo-46390")
     def test_lc_numeric_nl_langinfo(self):
         # Test nl_langinfo against known values
         tested = False
@@ -158,10 +155,7 @@ def test_lc_numeric_nl_langinfo(self):
         if not tested:
             self.skipTest('no suitable locales')
 
-    @unittest.skipIf(
-        support.is_emscripten or support.is_wasi,
-        "musl libc issue on Emscripten, bpo-46390"
-    )
+    @unittest.skipIf(support.linked_to_musl(), "musl libc issue, bpo-46390")
     def test_lc_numeric_localeconv(self):
         # Test localeconv against known values
         tested = False
@@ -210,10 +204,7 @@ def test_lc_numeric_basic(self):
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(nl_langinfo, "nl_langinfo is not available")
     @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(locale, 'ALT_DIGITS'), "requires locale.ALT_DIGITS")
-    @unittest.skipIf(
-        support.is_emscripten or support.is_wasi,
-        "musl libc issue on Emscripten, bpo-46390"
-    )
+    @unittest.skipIf(support.linked_to_musl(), "musl libc issue, bpo-46390")
     def test_alt_digits_nl_langinfo(self):
         # Test nl_langinfo(ALT_DIGITS)
         tested = False
@@ -245,10 +236,7 @@ def test_alt_digits_nl_langinfo(self):
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(nl_langinfo, "nl_langinfo is not available")
     @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(locale, 'ERA'), "requires locale.ERA")
-    @unittest.skipIf(
-        support.is_emscripten or support.is_wasi,
-        "musl libc issue on Emscripten, bpo-46390"
-    )
+    @unittest.skipIf(support.linked_to_musl(), "musl libc issue, bpo-46390")
     def test_era_nl_langinfo(self):
         # Test nl_langinfo(ERA)
         tested = False

Lib/test/test_locale.py

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 from decimal import Decimal
-from test.support import verbose, is_android, is_emscripten, is_wasi, os_helper
+from test.support import verbose, is_android, linked_to_musl, os_helper
 from test.support.warnings_helper import check_warnings
 from test.support.import_helper import import_fresh_module
 from unittest import mock
@@ -351,21 +351,15 @@ def setUp(self):
 
     @unittest.skipIf(sys.platform.startswith('aix'),
                      'bpo-29972: broken test on AIX')
-    @unittest.skipIf(
-        is_emscripten or is_wasi,
-        "musl libc issue on Emscripten/WASI, bpo-46390"
-    )
+    @unittest.skipIf(linked_to_musl(), "musl libc issue, bpo-46390")
     @unittest.skipIf(sys.platform.startswith("netbsd"),
                      "gh-124108: NetBSD doesn't support UTF-8 for LC_COLLATE")
     def test_strcoll_with_diacritic(self):
         self.assertLess(locale.strcoll('à', 'b'), 0)
 
     @unittest.skipIf(sys.platform.startswith('aix'),
                      'bpo-29972: broken test on AIX')
-    @unittest.skipIf(
-        is_emscripten or is_wasi,
-        "musl libc issue on Emscripten/WASI, bpo-46390"
-    )
+    @unittest.skipIf(linked_to_musl(), "musl libc issue, bpo-46390")
     @unittest.skipIf(sys.platform.startswith("netbsd"),
                      "gh-124108: NetBSD doesn't support UTF-8 for LC_COLLATE")
     def test_strxfrm_with_diacritic(self):

Lib/test/test_math.py

@@ -2772,6 +2772,9 @@ def test_fma_infinities(self):
         or (sys.platform == "android" and platform.machine() == "x86_64")
         or support.linked_to_musl(),  # gh-131032
         f"this platform doesn't implement IEE 754-2008 properly")
+    # gh-131032: musl is fixed but the fix is not yet released; when the fixed
+    # version is known change this to:
+    #   or support.linked_to_musl() < (1, <m>, <p>)
     def test_fma_zero_result(self):
         nonnegative_finites = [0.0, 1e-300, 2.3, 1e300]
 

Lib/test/test_os.py

@@ -2555,15 +2555,18 @@ def test_fchown(self):
     @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(os, 'fpathconf'), 'test needs os.fpathconf()')
     def test_fpathconf(self):
         self.assertIn("PC_NAME_MAX", os.pathconf_names)
-        if not (support.is_emscripten or support.is_wasi):
-            # musl libc pathconf ignores the file descriptor and always returns
-            # a constant, so the assertion that it should notice a bad file
-            # descriptor and return EBADF fails.
-            self.check(os.pathconf, "PC_NAME_MAX")
-            self.check(os.fpathconf, "PC_NAME_MAX")
         self.check_bool(os.pathconf, "PC_NAME_MAX")
         self.check_bool(os.fpathconf, "PC_NAME_MAX")
 
+    @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(os, 'fpathconf'), 'test needs os.fpathconf()')
+    @unittest.skipIf(
+        support.linked_to_musl(),
+        'musl pathconf ignores the file descriptor and returns a constant',
+        )
+    def test_fpathconf_bad_fd(self):
+        self.check(os.pathconf, "PC_NAME_MAX")
+        self.check(os.fpathconf, "PC_NAME_MAX")
+
     @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(os, 'ftruncate'), 'test needs os.ftruncate()')
     def test_ftruncate(self):
         self.check(os.truncate, 0)

Lib/test/test_platform.py

@@ -551,6 +551,10 @@ def test_libc_ver(self):
                 (b'GLIBC_2.9', ('glibc', '2.9')),
                 (b'libc.so.1.2.5', ('libc', '1.2.5')),
                 (b'libc_pthread.so.1.2.5', ('libc', '1.2.5_pthread')),
+                (b'/aports/main/musl/src/musl-1.2.5', ('musl', '1.2.5')),
+                # musl uses semver, but we accept some variations anyway:
+                (b'/aports/main/musl/src/musl-12.5', ('musl', '12.5')),
+                (b'/aports/main/musl/src/musl-1.2.5.7', ('musl', '1.2.5.7')),
                 (b'', ('', '')),
             ):
                 with open(filename, 'wb') as fp:
@@ -562,14 +566,29 @@ def test_libc_ver(self):
                                  expected)
 
         # binary containing multiple versions: get the most recent,
-        # make sure that 1.9 is seen as older than 1.23.4
-        chunksize = 16384
-        with open(filename, 'wb') as f:
-            # test match at chunk boundary
-            f.write(b'x'*(chunksize - 10))
-            f.write(b'GLIBC_1.23.4\0GLIBC_1.9\0GLIBC_1.21\0')
-        self.assertEqual(platform.libc_ver(filename, chunksize=chunksize),
-                         ('glibc', '1.23.4'))
+        # make sure that eg 1.9 is seen as older than 1.23.4, and that
+        # the arguments don't count even if they are set.
+        chunksize = 200
+        for data, expected in (
+                (b'GLIBC_1.23.4\0GLIBC_1.9\0GLIBC_1.21\0', ('glibc', '1.23.4')),
+                (b'libc.so.2.4\0libc.so.9\0libc.so.23.1\0', ('libc', '23.1')),
+                (b'musl-1.4.1\0musl-2.1.1\0musl-2.0.1\0', ('musl', '2.1.1')),
+                (b'no match here, so defaults are used', ('test', '100.1.0')),
+            ):
+            with open(filename, 'wb') as f:
+                # test match at chunk boundary
+                f.write(b'x'*(chunksize - 10))
+                f.write(data)
+            self.assertEqual(
+                expected,
+                platform.libc_ver(
+                    filename,
+                    lib='test',
+                    version='100.1.0',
+                    chunksize=chunksize,
+                    ),
+                )
+
 
     def test_android_ver(self):
         res = platform.android_ver()

Lib/test/test_re.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 from test.support import (gc_collect, bigmemtest, _2G,
                           cpython_only, captured_stdout,
-                          check_disallow_instantiation, is_emscripten, is_wasi,
+                          check_disallow_instantiation, linked_to_musl,
                           warnings_helper, SHORT_TIMEOUT, CPUStopwatch, requires_resource)
 import locale
 import re
@@ -2172,10 +2172,7 @@ def test_bug_20998(self):
         # with ignore case.
         self.assertEqual(re.fullmatch('[a-c]+', 'ABC', re.I).span(), (0, 3))
 
-    @unittest.skipIf(
-        is_emscripten or is_wasi,
-        "musl libc issue on Emscripten/WASI, bpo-46390"
-    )
+    @unittest.skipIf(linked_to_musl(), "musl libc issue, bpo-46390")
     def test_locale_caching(self):
         # Issue #22410
         oldlocale = locale.setlocale(locale.LC_CTYPE)
@@ -2212,10 +2209,7 @@ def check_en_US_utf8(self):
         self.assertIsNone(re.match(b'(?Li)\xc5', b'\xe5'))
         self.assertIsNone(re.match(b'(?Li)\xe5', b'\xc5'))
 
-    @unittest.skipIf(
-        is_emscripten or is_wasi,
-        "musl libc issue on Emscripten/WASI, bpo-46390"
-    )
+    @unittest.skipIf(linked_to_musl(), "musl libc issue, bpo-46390")
     def test_locale_compiled(self):
         oldlocale = locale.setlocale(locale.LC_CTYPE)
         self.addCleanup(locale.setlocale, locale.LC_CTYPE, oldlocale)

Lib/test/test_strptime.py

@@ -544,10 +544,7 @@ def test_date_locale(self):
         self.roundtrip('%x', slice(0, 3), time.localtime(now - 366*24*3600))
 
     # NB: Dates before 1969 do not roundtrip on many locales, including C.
-    @unittest.skipIf(
-        support.is_emscripten or support.is_wasi,
-        "musl libc issue on Emscripten, bpo-46390"
-    )
+    @unittest.skipIf(support.linked_to_musl(), "musl libc issue, bpo-46390")
     @run_with_locales('LC_TIME', 'en_US', 'fr_FR', 'de_DE', 'ja_JP',
                       'eu_ES', 'ar_AE', 'my_MM', 'shn_MM')
     def test_date_locale2(self):

Lib/test/test_support.py

@@ -746,7 +746,18 @@ def test_get_signal_name(self):
 
     def test_linked_to_musl(self):
         linked = support.linked_to_musl()
-        self.assertIsInstance(linked, bool)
+        self.assertIsNotNone(linked)
+        if support.is_wasi or support.is_emscripten:
+            self.assertTrue(linked)
+        # The value is cached, so make sure it returns the same value again.
+        self.assertIs(linked, support.linked_to_musl())
+        # The unlike libc, the musl version is a triple.
+        if linked:
+            self.assertIsInstance(linked, tuple)
+            self.assertEqual(3, len(linked))
+            for v in linked:
+                self.assertIsInstance(v, int)
+
 
     # XXX -follows a list of untested API
     # make_legacy_pyc

Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2025-03-17-17-11-41.gh-issue-90548.xSPf_L.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+:func:`platform.libc_ver` can now detect and report the version of ``musl``
+on Alpine Linux.