You signed in with another tab or window. Reload to refresh your session.You signed out in another tab or window. Reload to refresh your session.You switched accounts on another tab or window. Reload to refresh your session.Dismiss alert
When we were learning about [using the Effect Hook](/docs/hooks-effect.html#example-using-hooks-1), we saw this component from a chat application that displays a message indicating whether a friend is online or offline:
Now let's say that our chat application also has a contact list, and we want to render names of online users with a green color. We could copy and paste similar logic above into our `FriendListItem`component but it wouldn't be ideal:
Traditionally in React, we've had two popular ways to share stateful logic between components: [render props](/docs/render-props.html)and [higher-order components](/docs/higher-order-components.html). We will now look at how Hooks solve many of the same problems without forcing you to add more components to the tree.
When we want to share logic between two JavaScript functions, we extract it to a third function. Both components and Hooks are functions, so this works for them too!
**A custom Hook is a JavaScript function whose name starts with "`use`" and that may call other Hooks.**For example, `useFriendStatus`below is our first custom Hook:
@@ -94,11 +94,11 @@ function useFriendStatus(friendID) {
94
94
}
95
95
```
96
96
97
-
There's nothing new inside of it -- the logic is copied from the components above. Just like in a component, make sure to only call other Hooks unconditionally at the top level of your custom Hook.
Unlike a React component, a custom Hook doesn't need to have a specific signature. We can decide what it takes as arguments, and what, if anything, it should return. In other words, it's just like a normal function. Its name should always start with `use` so that you can tell at a glance that the [rules of Hooks](/docs/hooks-rules.html) apply to it.
The purpose of our `useFriendStatus`Hook is to subscribe us to a friend's status. This is why it takes `friendID`as an argument, and returns whether this friend is online:
@@ -110,13 +110,13 @@ function useFriendStatus(friendID) {
110
110
}
111
111
```
112
112
113
-
Now let's see how we can use our custom Hook.
113
+
ではこのカスタムフックの使い方を見ていきましょう。
114
114
115
-
## Using a Custom Hook
115
+
## カスタムフックを使う
116
116
117
-
In the beginning, our stated goal was to remove the duplicated logic from the `FriendStatus`and`FriendListItem`components. Both of them want to know whether a friend is online.
@@ -141,19 +141,19 @@ function FriendListItem(props) {
141
141
}
142
142
```
143
143
144
-
**Is this code equivalent to the original examples?** Yes, it works in exactly the same way. If you look closely, you'll notice we didn't make any changes to the behavior. All we did was to extract some common code between two functions into a separate function. **Custom Hooks are a convention that naturally follows from the design of Hooks, rather than a React feature.**
**Do I have to name my custom Hooks starting with “`use`”?** Please do. This convention is very important. Without it, we wouldn't be able to automatically check for violations of [rules of Hooks](/docs/hooks-rules.html) because we couldn't tell if a certain function contains calls to Hooks inside of it.
**Do two components using the same Hook share state?** No. Custom Hooks are a mechanism to reuse *stateful logic* (such as setting up a subscription and remembering the current value), but every time you use a custom Hook, all state and effects inside of it are fully isolated.
148
+
**同じフックを使うコンポーネントは state を共有する?** いいえ。カスタムフックは *state を使うロジック*(データの購読を登録したり現在の値を覚えておいたり)を共有するためのものですが、カスタムフックを使う場所ごとで、内部の state や副作用は完全に分離しています。
149
149
150
-
**How does a custom Hook get isolated state?** Each *call* to a Hook gets isolated state. Because we call `useFriendStatus`directly, from React's point of view our component just calls `useState`and`useEffect`. And as we [learned](/docs/hooks-state.html#tip-using-multiple-state-variables)[earlier](/docs/hooks-effect.html#tip-use-multiple-effects-to-separate-concerns), we can call `useState`and`useEffect`many times in one component, and they will be completely independent.
150
+
**どのようにしてカスタムフックは独立したステートを得るのか?** それぞれのフックの*呼び出し*が独立した state を得ます。`useFriendStatus`を直接呼びだしていますので、React から見れば我々のコンポーネントが `useState`や`useEffect` を呼んだ場合と変わりません。すでに[ここ](/docs/hooks-state.html#tip-using-multiple-state-variables)や[ここ](/docs/hooks-effect.html#tip-use-multiple-effects-to-separate-concerns)で学んだ通り、`useState`や`useEffect`はひとつのコンポーネント内で複数回呼ぶことができ、それらは完全に独立しています。
151
151
152
-
### Tip: Pass Information Between Hooks
152
+
### ヒント:フック間で情報を受け渡す
153
153
154
-
Since Hooks are functions, we can pass information between them.
154
+
フックは関数ですので、フック間で情報を受け渡すことができます。
155
155
156
-
To illustrate this, we'll use another component from our hypothetical chat example. This is a chat message recipient picker that displays whether the currently selected friend is online:
@@ -184,24 +184,24 @@ function ChatRecipientPicker() {
184
184
}
185
185
```
186
186
187
-
We keep the currently chosen friend ID in the `recipientID` state variable, and update it if the user chooses a different friend in the `<select>`picker.
187
+
現在選択中のフレンド ID を `recipientID`という state 変数に保持し、`<select>`ピッカー内で別のフレンドが選択されるごとにそれを更新します。
188
188
189
-
Because the `useState`Hook call gives us the latest value of the `recipientID` state variable, we can pass it to our custom `useFriendStatus`Hook as an argument:
189
+
`useState`フックは `recipientID`という state 変数の最新の値を返しますので、それを `useFriendStatus`カスタムフックに引数として渡すことができます。
This lets us know whether the *currently selected* friend is online. If we pick a different friend and update the `recipientID`state variable, our `useFriendStatus`Hook will unsubscribe from the previously selected friend, and subscribe to the status of the newly selected one.
Custom Hooks offer the flexibility of sharing logic that wasn't possible in React components before. You can write custom Hooks that cover a wide range of use cases like form handling, animation, declarative subscriptions, timers, and probably many more we haven't considered. What's more, you can build Hooks that are just as easy to use as React's built-in features.
Try to resist adding abstraction too early. Now that function components can do more, it's likely that the average function component in your codebase will become longer. This is normal -- don't feel like you *have to* immediately split it into Hooks. But we also encourage you to start spotting cases where a custom Hook could hide complex logic behind a simple interface, or help untangle a messy component.
For example, maybe you have a complex component that contains a lot of local state that is managed in an ad-hoc way. `useState`doesn't make centralizing the update logic any easier so might you prefer to write it as a [Redux](https://redux.js.org/) reducer:
204
+
一例として、その場しのぎで多くのローカル state が含まれるようになった複雑なコンポーネントをお持ちかもしれません。`useState`を使っても更新ロジックの集中化が簡単になるわけではありませんので、それを [Redux](https://redux.js.org/)のリデューサ (reducer) で書くたくなることがあるでしょう:
205
205
206
206
```js
207
207
functiontodosReducer(state, action) {
@@ -218,9 +218,9 @@ function todosReducer(state, action) {
218
218
}
219
219
```
220
220
221
-
Reducers are very convenient to test in isolation, and scale to express complex update logic. You can further break them apart into smaller reducers if necessary. However, you might also enjoy the benefits of using React local state, or might not want to install another library.
221
+
リデューサは単独でのテストが非常にやりやすく、複雑な更新ロジックを表現する場合でもスケールします。必要に応じて後でより小さなリデューサに分割することも可能です。しかし、React のローカル state による手軽さの方が好ましい場合もあるでしょうし、他のライブラリをインストールしたくない場合もあるでしょう。
222
222
223
-
So what if we could write a `useReducer`Hook that lets us manage the *local* state of our component with a reducer? A simplified version of it might look like this:
223
+
そこで、`useReducer`というフックを書いて、コンポーネントの*ローカル* state をリデューサで管理できるとしたらどうでしょうか? 簡略版では以下のようなものになるでしょう:
224
224
225
225
```js
226
226
functionuseReducer(reducer, initialState) {
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ function useReducer(reducer, initialState) {
235
235
}
236
236
```
237
237
238
-
Now we could use it in our component, and let the reducer drive its state management:
238
+
これをコンポーネント内で使うことができ、リデューサを活用してステート管理ができるようになります:
239
239
240
240
```js{2}
241
241
function Todos() {
@@ -249,4 +249,4 @@ function Todos() {
249
249
}
250
250
```
251
251
252
-
The need to manage local state with a reducer in a complex component is common enough that we've built the `useReducer` Hook right into React. You'll find it together with other built-in Hooks in the [Hooks API reference](/docs/hooks-reference.html).
252
+
ローカルステートをリデューサで管理したいという要求はとてもよくあるので、React にその機能を含めてあります。[Hooks API reference](/docs/hooks-reference.html) のページで他のビルトインフックと共に解説しています。
0 commit comments