Sema: Implement missing case in existential erasure

Fixes #61934.

Author: slavapestov

lib/Sema/ConstraintSystem.cpp

@@ -2284,6 +2284,20 @@ static Type typeEraseExistentialSelfReferences(Type refTy, Type baseTy,
         }
       }
 
+      // Parameterized protocol types whose arguments involve this type
+      // parameter are erased to the base type.
+      if (auto parameterized = dyn_cast<ParameterizedProtocolType>(t)) {
+        for (auto argType : parameterized->getArgs()) {
+          auto erasedArgType =
+              typeEraseExistentialSelfReferences(
+                argType, baseTy, TypePosition::Covariant,
+                existentialSig, containsFn, predicateFn, projectionFn,
+                force, metatypeDepth);
+          if (erasedArgType.getPointer() != argType.getPointer())
+            return parameterized->getBaseType();
+        }
+      }
+
       if (auto lvalue = dyn_cast<LValueType>(t)) {
         auto objTy = lvalue->getObjectType();
         auto erasedTy =

test/Constraints/issue-67337.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+// RUN: %target-typecheck-verify-swift
+
+protocol P<T> {
+  associatedtype T
+  func foo() -> any P<T>
+}
+
+struct A: P {
+  typealias T = Int
+  func foo() -> any P<T> {
+      self
+  }
+}
+
+struct B: P {
+  typealias T = Int
+  func foo() -> any P<T> {
+      self
+  }
+}
+
+struct G<T> {
+  let t: T
+}
+
+let p: any P = A()
+let g = G(t: p.foo())
+let gg: G<any P> = g