[ELF] Implement R_RISCV_TLSDESC for RISC-V

Support
R_RISCV_TLSDESC_HI20/R_RISCV_TLSDESC_LOAD_LO12/R_RISCV_TLSDESC_ADD_LO12/R_RISCV_TLSDESC_CALL.
LOAD_LO12/ADD_LO12/CALL relocations reference a label at the HI20
location, which requires special handling. We save the value of HI20 to
be reused. Two interleaved TLSDESC code sequences, which compilers do
not generate, are unsupported.

For -no-pie/-pie links, TLSDESC to initial-exec or local-exec
optimizations are eligible. Implement the relevant hooks
(R_RELAX_TLS_GD_TO_LE, R_RELAX_TLS_GD_TO_IE): the first two instructions
are converted to NOP while the latter two are converted to a GOT load or
a lui+addi.

The first two instructions, which would be converted to NOP, are removed
instead in the presence of relaxation. Relaxation is eligible as long as
the R_RISCV_TLSDESC_HI20 relocation has a pairing R_RISCV_RELAX,
regardless of whether the following instructions have a R_RISCV_RELAX.
In addition, for the TLSDESC to LE optimization (`lui a0,<hi20>; addi a0,a0,<lo12>`),
`lui` can be removed (i.e. use the short form) if hi20 is 0.

```
// TLSDESC to LE/IE optimization
.Ltlsdesc_hi2:
  auipc a4, %tlsdesc_hi(c)                      # if relax: remove; otherwise, NOP
  load  a5, %tlsdesc_load_lo(.Ltlsdesc_hi2)(a4) # if relax: remove; otherwise, NOP
  addi  a0, a4, %tlsdesc_add_lo(.Ltlsdesc_hi2)  # if LE && !hi20 {if relax: remove; otherwise, NOP}
  jalr  t0, 0(a5), %tlsdesc_call(.Ltlsdesc_hi2)
  add   a0, a0, tp
```

The implementation carefully ensures that an instruction unrelated to
the current TLSDESC code sequence, if immediately follows a removable
instruction (HI20 or LOAD_LO12 OR (LE-specific) ADD_LO12), is not
converted to NOP.

* `riscv64-tlsdesc.s` is inspired by `i386-tlsdesc-gd.s` (https://reviews.llvm.org/D112582).
* `riscv64-tlsdesc-relax.s` tests linker relaxation.
* `riscv-tlsdesc-gd-mixed.s` is inspired by `x86-64-tlsdesc-gd-mixed.s` (https://reviews.llvm.org/D116900).

Link: riscv-non-isa/riscv-elf-psabi-doc#373

Reviewed By: ilovepi

Pull Request: llvm#79239

(cherry picked from commit 1117fdd)

Author: MaskRay

lld/ELF/Arch/RISCV.cpp

@@ -61,6 +61,7 @@ enum Op {
   AUIPC = 0x17,
   JALR = 0x67,
   LD = 0x3003,
+  LUI = 0x37,
   LW = 0x2003,
   SRLI = 0x5013,
   SUB = 0x40000033,
@@ -73,6 +74,7 @@ enum Reg {
   X_T0 = 5,
   X_T1 = 6,
   X_T2 = 7,
+  X_A0 = 10,
   X_T3 = 28,
 };
 
@@ -139,6 +141,7 @@ RISCV::RISCV() {
     tlsGotRel = R_RISCV_TLS_TPREL32;
   }
   gotRel = symbolicRel;
+  tlsDescRel = R_RISCV_TLSDESC;
 
   // .got[0] = _DYNAMIC
   gotHeaderEntriesNum = 1;
@@ -207,6 +210,8 @@ int64_t RISCV::getImplicitAddend(const uint8_t *buf, RelType type) const {
   case R_RISCV_JUMP_SLOT:
     // These relocations are defined as not having an implicit addend.
     return 0;
+  case R_RISCV_TLSDESC:
+    return config->is64 ? read64le(buf + 8) : read32le(buf + 4);
   }
 }
 
@@ -315,6 +320,12 @@ RelExpr RISCV::getRelExpr(const RelType type, const Symbol &s,
   case R_RISCV_PCREL_LO12_I:
   case R_RISCV_PCREL_LO12_S:
     return R_RISCV_PC_INDIRECT;
+  case R_RISCV_TLSDESC_HI20:
+  case R_RISCV_TLSDESC_LOAD_LO12:
+  case R_RISCV_TLSDESC_ADD_LO12:
+    return R_TLSDESC_PC;
+  case R_RISCV_TLSDESC_CALL:
+    return R_TLSDESC_CALL;
   case R_RISCV_TLS_GD_HI20:
     return R_TLSGD_PC;
   case R_RISCV_TLS_GOT_HI20:
@@ -439,6 +450,7 @@ void RISCV::relocate(uint8_t *loc, const Relocation &rel, uint64_t val) const {
 
   case R_RISCV_GOT_HI20:
   case R_RISCV_PCREL_HI20:
+  case R_RISCV_TLSDESC_HI20:
   case R_RISCV_TLS_GD_HI20:
   case R_RISCV_TLS_GOT_HI20:
   case R_RISCV_TPREL_HI20:
@@ -450,6 +462,8 @@ void RISCV::relocate(uint8_t *loc, const Relocation &rel, uint64_t val) const {
   }
 
   case R_RISCV_PCREL_LO12_I:
+  case R_RISCV_TLSDESC_LOAD_LO12:
+  case R_RISCV_TLSDESC_ADD_LO12:
   case R_RISCV_TPREL_LO12_I:
   case R_RISCV_LO12_I: {
     uint64_t hi = (val + 0x800) >> 12;
@@ -533,8 +547,14 @@ void RISCV::relocate(uint8_t *loc, const Relocation &rel, uint64_t val) const {
     break;
 
   case R_RISCV_RELAX:
-    return; // Ignored (for now)
-
+    return;
+  case R_RISCV_TLSDESC:
+    // The addend is stored in the second word.
+    if (config->is64)
+      write64le(loc + 8, val);
+    else
+      write32le(loc + 4, val);
+    break;
   default:
     llvm_unreachable("unknown relocation");
   }
@@ -544,23 +564,113 @@ static bool relaxable(ArrayRef<Relocation> relocs, size_t i) {
   return i + 1 != relocs.size() && relocs[i + 1].type == R_RISCV_RELAX;
 }
 
+static void tlsdescToIe(uint8_t *loc, const Relocation &rel, uint64_t val) {
+  switch (rel.type) {
+  case R_RISCV_TLSDESC_HI20:
+  case R_RISCV_TLSDESC_LOAD_LO12:
+    write32le(loc, 0x00000013); // nop
+    break;
+  case R_RISCV_TLSDESC_ADD_LO12:
+    write32le(loc, utype(AUIPC, X_A0, hi20(val))); // auipc a0,<hi20>
+    break;
+  case R_RISCV_TLSDESC_CALL:
+    if (config->is64)
+      write32le(loc, itype(LD, X_A0, X_A0, lo12(val))); // ld a0,<lo12>(a0)
+    else
+      write32le(loc, itype(LW, X_A0, X_A0, lo12(val))); // lw a0,<lo12>(a0)
+    break;
+  default:
+    llvm_unreachable("unsupported relocation for TLSDESC to IE");
+  }
+}
+
+static void tlsdescToLe(uint8_t *loc, const Relocation &rel, uint64_t val) {
+  switch (rel.type) {
+  case R_RISCV_TLSDESC_HI20:
+  case R_RISCV_TLSDESC_LOAD_LO12:
+    write32le(loc, 0x00000013); // nop
+    return;
+  case R_RISCV_TLSDESC_ADD_LO12:
+    if (isInt<12>(val))
+      write32le(loc, 0x00000013); // nop
+    else
+      write32le(loc, utype(LUI, X_A0, hi20(val))); // lui a0,<hi20>
+    return;
+  case R_RISCV_TLSDESC_CALL:
+    if (isInt<12>(val))
+      write32le(loc, itype(ADDI, X_A0, 0, val)); // addi a0,zero,<lo12>
+    else
+      write32le(loc, itype(ADDI, X_A0, X_A0, lo12(val))); // addi a0,a0,<lo12>
+    return;
+  default:
+    llvm_unreachable("unsupported relocation for TLSDESC to LE");
+  }
+}
+
 void RISCV::relocateAlloc(InputSectionBase &sec, uint8_t *buf) const {
   uint64_t secAddr = sec.getOutputSection()->addr;
   if (auto *s = dyn_cast<InputSection>(&sec))
     secAddr += s->outSecOff;
   else if (auto *ehIn = dyn_cast<EhInputSection>(&sec))
     secAddr += ehIn->getParent()->outSecOff;
+  uint64_t tlsdescVal = 0;
+  bool tlsdescRelax = false, isToLe = false;
   const ArrayRef<Relocation> relocs = sec.relocs();
   for (size_t i = 0, size = relocs.size(); i != size; ++i) {
     const Relocation &rel = relocs[i];
     uint8_t *loc = buf + rel.offset;
-    const uint64_t val =
+    uint64_t val =
         sec.getRelocTargetVA(sec.file, rel.type, rel.addend,
                              secAddr + rel.offset, *rel.sym, rel.expr);
 
     switch (rel.expr) {
     case R_RELAX_HINT:
+      continue;
+    case R_TLSDESC_PC:
+      // For R_RISCV_TLSDESC_HI20, store &got(sym)-PC to be used by the
+      // following two instructions L[DW] and ADDI.
+      if (rel.type == R_RISCV_TLSDESC_HI20)
+        tlsdescVal = val;
+      else
+        val = tlsdescVal;
       break;
+    case R_RELAX_TLS_GD_TO_IE:
+      // Only R_RISCV_TLSDESC_HI20 reaches here. tlsdescVal will be finalized
+      // after we see R_RISCV_TLSDESC_ADD_LO12 in the R_RELAX_TLS_GD_TO_LE case.
+      // The net effect is that tlsdescVal will be smaller than `val` to take
+      // into account of NOP instructions (in the absence of R_RISCV_RELAX)
+      // before AUIPC.
+      tlsdescVal = val + rel.offset;
+      isToLe = false;
+      tlsdescRelax = relaxable(relocs, i);
+      if (!tlsdescRelax)
+        tlsdescToIe(loc, rel, val);
+      continue;
+    case R_RELAX_TLS_GD_TO_LE:
+      // See the comment in handleTlsRelocation. For TLSDESC=>IE,
+      // R_RISCV_TLSDESC_{LOAD_LO12,ADD_LO12,CALL} also reach here. If isToIe is
+      // true, this is actually TLSDESC=>IE optimization.
+      if (rel.type == R_RISCV_TLSDESC_HI20) {
+        tlsdescVal = val;
+        isToLe = true;
+        tlsdescRelax = relaxable(relocs, i);
+      } else {
+        if (!isToLe && rel.type == R_RISCV_TLSDESC_ADD_LO12)
+          tlsdescVal -= rel.offset;
+        val = tlsdescVal;
+      }
+      // When NOP conversion is eligible and relaxation applies, don't write a
+      // NOP in case an unrelated instruction follows the current instruction.
+      if (tlsdescRelax &&
+          (rel.type == R_RISCV_TLSDESC_HI20 ||
+           rel.type == R_RISCV_TLSDESC_LOAD_LO12 ||
+           (rel.type == R_RISCV_TLSDESC_ADD_LO12 && isToLe && !hi20(val))))
+        continue;
+      if (isToLe)
+        tlsdescToLe(loc, rel, val);
+      else
+        tlsdescToIe(loc, rel, val);
+      continue;
     case R_RISCV_LEB128:
       if (i + 1 < size) {
         const Relocation &rel1 = relocs[i + 1];
@@ -579,9 +689,9 @@ void RISCV::relocateAlloc(InputSectionBase &sec, uint8_t *buf) const {
                   ": R_RISCV_SET_ULEB128 not paired with R_RISCV_SUB_SET128");
       return;
     default:
-      relocate(loc, rel, val);
       break;
     }
+    relocate(loc, rel, val);
   }
 }
 
@@ -725,6 +835,7 @@ static bool relax(InputSection &sec) {
   bool changed = false;
   ArrayRef<SymbolAnchor> sa = ArrayRef(aux.anchors);
   uint64_t delta = 0;
+  bool tlsdescRelax = false, toLeShortForm = false;
 
   std::fill_n(aux.relocTypes.get(), relocs.size(), R_RISCV_NONE);
   aux.writes.clear();
@@ -765,6 +876,21 @@ static bool relax(InputSection &sec) {
       if (relaxable(relocs, i))
         relaxHi20Lo12(sec, i, loc, r, remove);
       break;
+    case R_RISCV_TLSDESC_HI20:
+      // For TLSDESC=>LE, we can use the short form if hi20 is zero.
+      tlsdescRelax = relaxable(relocs, i);
+      toLeShortForm = tlsdescRelax && r.expr == R_RELAX_TLS_GD_TO_LE &&
+                      !hi20(r.sym->getVA(r.addend));
+      [[fallthrough]];
+    case R_RISCV_TLSDESC_LOAD_LO12:
+      // For TLSDESC=>LE/IE, AUIPC and L[DW] are removed if relaxable.
+      if (tlsdescRelax && r.expr != R_TLSDESC_PC)
+        remove = 4;
+      break;
+    case R_RISCV_TLSDESC_ADD_LO12:
+      if (toLeShortForm)
+        remove = 4;
+      break;
     }
 
     // For all anchors whose offsets are <= r.offset, they are preceded by

lld/ELF/Relocations.cpp

@@ -1274,25 +1274,31 @@ static unsigned handleTlsRelocation(RelType type, Symbol &sym,
 
   if (config->emachine == EM_MIPS)
     return handleMipsTlsRelocation(type, sym, c, offset, addend, expr);
+  bool isRISCV = config->emachine == EM_RISCV;
 
   if (oneof<R_AARCH64_TLSDESC_PAGE, R_TLSDESC, R_TLSDESC_CALL, R_TLSDESC_PC,
             R_TLSDESC_GOTPLT>(expr) &&
       config->shared) {
+    // R_RISCV_TLSDESC_{LOAD_LO12,ADD_LO12_I,CALL} reference a label. Do not
+    // set NEEDS_TLSDESC on the label.
     if (expr != R_TLSDESC_CALL) {
-      sym.setFlags(NEEDS_TLSDESC);
+      if (!isRISCV || type == R_RISCV_TLSDESC_HI20)
+        sym.setFlags(NEEDS_TLSDESC);
       c.addReloc({expr, type, offset, addend, &sym});
     }
     return 1;
   }
 
   // ARM, Hexagon, LoongArch and RISC-V do not support GD/LD to IE/LE
   // optimizations.
+  // RISC-V supports TLSDESC to IE/LE optimizations.
   // For PPC64, if the file has missing R_PPC64_TLSGD/R_PPC64_TLSLD, disable
   // optimization as well.
   bool execOptimize =
       !config->shared && config->emachine != EM_ARM &&
       config->emachine != EM_HEXAGON && config->emachine != EM_LOONGARCH &&
-      config->emachine != EM_RISCV && !c.file->ppc64DisableTLSRelax;
+      !(isRISCV && expr != R_TLSDESC_PC && expr != R_TLSDESC_CALL) &&
+      !c.file->ppc64DisableTLSRelax;
 
   // If we are producing an executable and the symbol is non-preemptable, it
   // must be defined and the code sequence can be optimized to use Local-Exec.
@@ -1349,6 +1355,10 @@ static unsigned handleTlsRelocation(RelType type, Symbol &sym,
 
     // Global-Dynamic/TLSDESC can be optimized to Initial-Exec or Local-Exec
     // depending on the symbol being locally defined or not.
+    //
+    // R_RISCV_TLSDESC_{LOAD_LO12,ADD_LO12_I,CALL} reference a non-preemptible
+    // label, so the LE optimization will be categorized as
+    // R_RELAX_TLS_GD_TO_LE. We fix the categorization in RISCV::relocateAlloc.
     if (sym.isPreemptible) {
       sym.setFlags(NEEDS_TLSGD_TO_IE);
       c.addReloc({target->adjustTlsExpr(type, R_RELAX_TLS_GD_TO_IE), type,

lld/test/ELF/riscv-tlsdesc-gd-mixed.s

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# REQUIRES: riscv
+# RUN: llvm-mc -filetype=obj -triple=riscv64 %s -o %t.o
+# RUN: ld.lld -shared %t.o -o %t.so
+# RUN: llvm-readobj -r %t.so | FileCheck %s --check-prefix=RELA
+
+## Both TLSDESC and DTPMOD64/DTPREL64 should be present.
+# RELA:      .rela.dyn {
+# RELA-NEXT:   0x[[#%X,ADDR:]] R_RISCV_TLSDESC      a 0x0
+# RELA-NEXT:   0x[[#ADDR+16]]  R_RISCV_TLS_DTPMOD64 a 0x0
+# RELA-NEXT:   0x[[#ADDR+24]]  R_RISCV_TLS_DTPREL64 a 0x0
+# RELA-NEXT: }
+
+  la.tls.gd a0,a
+  call __tls_get_addr@plt
+
+.Ltlsdesc_hi0:
+  auipc a2, %tlsdesc_hi(a)
+  ld    a3, %tlsdesc_load_lo(.Ltlsdesc_hi0)(a2)
+  addi  a0, a2, %tlsdesc_add_lo(.Ltlsdesc_hi0)
+  jalr  t0, 0(a3), %tlsdesc_call(.Ltlsdesc_hi0)
+
+.section .tbss,"awT",@nobits
+.globl a
+.zero 8
+a:
+.zero 4