Add animation lifecycle explanation back to $animate service doc (or somewhere else)

[Narretz]

@gkalpak noted:

Before the recent $animate refactoring, ngAnimate/service/$animate docs page had some super-slick tables that detailed what's going on step-by-step during the various animation types (e.g. what classes are added etc).
I found those incredibly useful while trying to wrap my head around how $animate works, but they are gone now.

I'll just opened this issue so we don't forget this.

[Narretz]

That's the stuff we talked about in the meeting @matsko Your idea to put it in the guide sounds pretty good!