feat(slider): New graphic design for sliders

[KinokoF]

Feature Description

The Material Design spec provides, from December 2023, a new graphic design for sliders.

Links:

• https://m3.material.io/components/sliders/overview

It would be nice to have this new design also on Angular Material.

Since this is a significant change, an optional parameter could also be provided that enables/disables the new graphic design.

Use Case

• Greater compliance with the Material Design spec
• Fresh and attractive look

[KinokoF]

I would say this is a bit related to this other feature: #30545