Constant expression evaluation at compile time

[axic]

Variables can be declared constant which allows:

• literals
• (arithmetic) expressions
• and function calls to "pure" functions, which is a hardcoded list of: keccak256, ecrecover, sha256, ripemd160, addmod, mulmod, new (for creating objects only, such as arrays)

Currently whenever a constant expression is used, the entire expression is placed into the output. This is of course reduced/optimised, but that is mostly restricted to operations on literals and some edge cases.

We should consider one or more of the following:

1. split constant into two, constant which only allows literals and constexpr which allows more complex expressions
2. do not allow "pure functions" above which result in a call (ecrecover, sha256, ripemd160)
3. allow every pure function, not only the above subset
4. evaluate constant or constexpr in a VM during compilation time and use the result only (this VM could be a subset of the EVM, since many features are not required)

Obviously 2 and 3 contradict eachother. I would opt for 2. unless 4. is implemented and then 3. could be allowed.

Somewhat relevant is #715.

[ekpyron]

I, by the way, vote for finally starting with this at least soonish...

[axic]

Should we consider C++-style literals and use them in expressions, such as "stringtobehashed"_keccak256 instead of the built in function?

[ekpyron]

Going forward I'd very much like for this to work even for user-defined pure functions, e.g.

function weirdStuff(uint256 x, uint256 y) public pure returns(uint256) { return 2**4 - 3 * x / y; }
uint256[weirdStuff(1,2)] x;

Or even stuff like

function weirdStuff(bytes memory x) public pure returns(uint256 s) { for (uint256 i = 0; i < x.length; ++i) s += x[i]; }
uint256[weirdStuff(hex"12345678")] x;

Not in a first step for sure, but eventually...
So given that, I'd personally not see much need to distinguish that much between compile time constant string literal things and function calls.

[chriseth]

Is it in any way possible to compile this via yul and run it through an interpreter? Then we would at least not have to re-implement everything.