[libc][math][c23] Implement remquof128 C23 math function.

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This function is defined in C23 standard section 7.12.10.3 and error handling in section F.10.7.3 in https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n3096.pdf.

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@HendrikHuebner

[HendrikHuebner]

I'd like to work on this