[DebugInfo][LoopStrengthReduce] Missing debug location updates for new phi and binop instructions

[Apochens]

LSR-L2406, L2410

[L2406] The new phi instruction NewPH replacing the old phi instruction PH and cast instruction ShadowUse does not inherit any debug location.
[L2410] The new binop instruction NewIncr replacing the old binop instruction Incr does not inherit any debug location.

godbolt: https://godbolt.org/z/eGGd9Pxb5 (see %IV.S. and %IV.S.next in the optimized code)

    /* Add new PHINode. */
->  PHINode *NewPH = PHINode::Create(DestTy, 2, "IV.S.", PH->getIterator());

    /* create new increment. '++d' in above example. */
    Constant *CFP = ConstantFP::get(DestTy, C->getZExtValue());
->  BinaryOperator *NewIncr = BinaryOperator::Create(
        Incr->getOpcode() == Instruction::Add ? Instruction::FAdd
                                              : Instruction::FSub,
        NewPH, CFP, "IV.S.next.", Incr->getIterator());

    NewPH->addIncoming(NewInit, PH->getIncomingBlock(Entry));
    NewPH->addIncoming(NewIncr, PH->getIncomingBlock(Latch));

    /* Remove cast operation */
    ShadowUse->replaceAllUsesWith(NewPH);
    ShadowUse->eraseFromParent();

[llvmbot]

@llvm/issue-subscribers-debuginfo

Author: Shan Huang (Apochens)

[**LSR-L2406**](https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/blob/3641efcf8cb256ddbd20f4add5ce55800cad5399/llvm/lib/Transforms/Scalar/LoopStrengthReduce.cpp#L2406), [**L2410**](https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/blob/3641efcf8cb256ddbd20f4add5ce55800cad5399/llvm/lib/Transforms/Scalar/LoopStrengthReduce.cpp#L2410)

[L2406] The new phi instruction NewPH replacing the old phi instruction PH and cast instruction ShadowUse does not inherent any debug location.
[L2410] The new binop instruction NewIncr replacing the old binop instruction Incr does not inherent any debug location.

godbolt: https://godbolt.org/z/eGGd9Pxb5 (see %IV.S. and %IV.S.next in the optimized code)

    /* Add new PHINode. */
->  PHINode *NewPH = PHINode::Create(DestTy, 2, "IV.S.", PH->getIterator());

    /* create new increment. '++d' in above example. */
    Constant *CFP = ConstantFP::get(DestTy, C->getZExtValue());
->  BinaryOperator *NewIncr = BinaryOperator::Create(
        Incr->getOpcode() == Instruction::Add ? Instruction::FAdd
                                              : Instruction::FSub,
        NewPH, CFP, "IV.S.next.", Incr->getIterator());

    NewPH->addIncoming(NewInit, PH->getIncomingBlock(Entry));
    NewPH->addIncoming(NewIncr, PH->getIncomingBlock(Latch));

    /* Remove cast operation */
    ShadowUse->replaceAllUsesWith(NewPH);
    ShadowUse->eraseFromParent();