BUG: groupby rolling apply giving strange index

[fakio]

Pandas version checks

• I have checked that this issue has not already been reported.

• I have confirmed this bug exists on the latest version of pandas.

• I have confirmed this bug exists on the main branch of pandas.

Reproducible Example

import pandas as pd
import datetime

d = pd.DataFrame([
    (datetime.date(2022, 1, 1), 'A', 10),
    (datetime.date(2022, 1, 2), 'B', 20),
    (datetime.date(2022, 1, 3), 'A', 30),
    (datetime.date(2022, 1, 4), 'B', 40),
],
columns=['date','group','value'])

d['date'] = pd.to_datetime(d['date'])

def func(s):
    print(s)
    return s.index.max().day

d.set_index(d.date).groupby('group').rolling('7d').value.apply(func)

Issue Description

I'm trying to apply a custom function using rolling apply and using the date index of the window, but the index of the data passed to the apply function seems incorrect

output of above rolling apply:

group  date      
A      2022-01-01    1.0
       2022-01-03    2.0
B      2022-01-02    3.0
       2022-01-04    4.0
Name: value, dtype: float64

Expected Behavior

group  date      
A      2022-01-01    1.0
       2022-01-03    3.0
B      2022-01-02    2.0
       2022-01-04    4.0
Name: value, dtype: float64

Installed Versions

INSTALLED VERSIONS

commit : 8dab54d
python : 3.8.10.final.0
python-bits : 64
OS : Linux
OS-release : 5.15.0-52-generic
Version : #58~20.04.1-Ubuntu SMP Thu Oct 13 13:09:46 UTC 2022
machine : x86_64
processor : x86_64
byteorder : little
LC_ALL : None
LANG : en_US.UTF-8
LOCALE : pt_BR.UTF-8

pandas : 1.5.2
numpy : 1.22.3
pytz : 2021.3
dateutil : 2.8.2
setuptools : 45.2.0
pip : 22.3.1
Cython : None
pytest : 4.6.9
hypothesis : None
sphinx : 4.4.0
blosc : None
feather : None
xlsxwriter : None
lxml.etree : 4.9.1
html5lib : 1.0.1
pymysql : 1.0.2
psycopg2 : None
jinja2 : 3.1.2
IPython : 7.13.0
pandas_datareader: None
bs4 : 4.8.2
bottleneck : None
brotli : 1.0.9
fastparquet : None
fsspec : 2022.11.0
gcsfs : None
matplotlib : 3.6.0
numba : 0.56.4
numexpr : 2.7.1
odfpy : None
openpyxl : 3.0.3
pandas_gbq : None
pyarrow : 7.0.0
pyreadstat : None
pyxlsb : None
s3fs : None
scipy : 1.3.3
snappy : None
sqlalchemy : None
tables : 3.6.1
tabulate : 0.8.9
xarray : None
xlrd : 1.1.0
xlwt : 1.3.0
zstandard : None
tzdata : None

[fakio]

maybe related to #48056

[fakio]

seems related to #47494 and #45925 too @mroeschke

[mroeschke]

I believe the resulting index is correct here but the values are ordered incorrectly. Investigation and pull requests welcome!

[fakio]

from what I could debug until now, in https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas/blob/main/pandas/core/window/rolling.py#L1417, "values" is the original values reordered by groups and self._on is the original index, so the resulting Series has mismatched index/values.

[fakio]

@mroeschke, adding the code below right after https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas/blob/main/pandas/core/window/rolling.py#L874 seems to fix my problem

self._on = obj.index

This code (https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas/blob/main/pandas/core/window/rolling.py#L871) is reordering the values considering groups but later it is used with the index not ordered by groups (https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas/blob/main/pandas/core/window/rolling.py#L1417). My code above set the index to the ordered by groups index.

But I have no idea if this is the right fix. It seems not.

[luke396]

take

[luke396]

Hi @mroeschke, I think the problem may be here.

pandas/pandas/core/window/rolling.py

Lines 1418 to 1425 in e80dc87

	def apply_func(values, begin, end, min_periods, raw=raw):
	if not raw:
	# GH 45912
	values = Series(values, index=self._on, copy=False)
	return window_func(values, begin, end, min_periods)
	return apply_func

values is

2022-01-01    10.0
2022-01-02    30.0
2022-01-03    20.0
2022-01-04    40.0
dtype: float64

When window_func(values, begin, end, min_periods) will return [1, 2, 3, 4]. I think if it could return [1,3,2,4], and bug will be fixed.

I want to confirm that values like this is indeed what we want? If so, seems we need to find a way reindex [1,2,3,4] in following codes.

[luke396]

This is a more concise failure case.

import pandas as pd
def f(x):
    return x.index.values
df = pd.DataFrame([(1, 10, 'A'), (2, 15, 'B'), (3, 20, 'A')],
                  columns=['idx', 'value', 'group']).set_index('idx')
gb = df.groupby('group')
gbr = gb.rolling(1)

# list(gbr)  # in right order
gbr.apply(f)  #  wrong
#           value
# group idx       
# A     1      1.0
#       3      2.0
# B     2      3.0