BUG: ValueError when executing a DataFrame with another DatFrame in its attrs

[kaba439]

Pandas version checks

• I have checked that this issue has not already been reported.

• I have confirmed this bug exists on the latest version of pandas.

• I have confirmed this bug exists on the main branch of pandas.

Reproducible Example

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np

n=50

a = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randint(0, 10, size=(n,n)))
b = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randint(0, 10, size=(5,5)))

a.attrs['b'] = b

a

Issue Description

Dear pandas Team,

Adding a DataFrame b to the attrs of another Dataframe a raises ValueError if dimensions of a are >20
Possibly related to #51280, #60357, #60351

Error log:

--------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------- ValueError Traceback (most recent call last) ~/py/envs/jupyter/lib/python3.13/site-packages/pandas/core/frame.py in ?(self) 1210 self.info(buf=buf) 1211 return buf.getvalue() 1212 1213 repr_params = fmt.get_dataframe_repr_params() -> 1214 return self.to_string(**repr_params)

~/py/envs/jupyter/lib/python3.13/site-packages/pandas/util/_decorators.py in ?(*args, **kwargs)
329 msg.format(arguments=_format_argument_list(allow_args)),
330 FutureWarning,
331 stacklevel=find_stack_level(),
332 )
--> 333 return func(*args, **kwargs)

~/py/envs/jupyter/lib/python3.13/site-packages/pandas/core/frame.py in ?(self, buf, columns, col_space, header, index, na_rep, formatters, float_format, sparsify, index_names, justify, max_rows, max_cols, show_dimensions, decimal, line_width, min_rows, max_colwidth, encoding)
1372 """
1373 from pandas import option_context
1374
1375 with option_context("display.max_colwidth", max_colwidth):
-> 1376 formatter = fmt.DataFrameFormatter(
1377 self,
1378 columns=columns,
1379 col_space=col_space,

~/py/envs/jupyter/lib/python3.13/site-packages/pandas/io/formats/format.py in ?(self, frame, columns, col_space, header, index, na_rep, formatters, justify, float_format, sparsify, index_names, max_rows, min_rows, max_cols, show_dimensions, decimal, bold_rows, escape)
465 self.max_cols_fitted = self._calc_max_cols_fitted()
466 self.max_rows_fitted = self._calc_max_rows_fitted()
467
468 self.tr_frame = self.frame
--> 469 self.truncate()
470 self.adj = printing.get_adjustment()

~/py/envs/jupyter/lib/python3.13/site-packages/pandas/io/formats/format.py in ?(self)
651 """
652 Check whether the frame should be truncated. If so, slice the frame up.
653 """
654 if self.is_truncated_horizontally:
--> 655 self._truncate_horizontally()
656
657 if self.is_truncated_vertically:
658 self._truncate_vertically()

~/py/envs/jupyter/lib/python3.13/site-packages/pandas/io/formats/format.py in ?(self)
669 col_num = self.max_cols_fitted // 2
670 if col_num >= 1:
671 left = self.tr_frame.iloc[:, :col_num]
672 right = self.tr_frame.iloc[:, -col_num:]
--> 673 self.tr_frame = concat((left, right), axis=1)
674
675 # truncate formatter
676 if isinstance(self.formatters, (list, tuple)):

~/py/envs/jupyter/lib/python3.13/site-packages/pandas/core/reshape/concat.py in ?(objs, axis, join, ignore_index, keys, levels, names, verify_integrity, sort, copy)
391 copy=copy,
392 sort=sort,
393 )
394
--> 395 return op.get_result()

~/py/envs/jupyter/lib/python3.13/site-packages/pandas/core/reshape/concat.py in ?(self)
687 if not self.copy and not using_copy_on_write():
688 new_data._consolidate_inplace()
689
690 out = sample._constructor_from_mgr(new_data, axes=new_data.axes)
--> 691 return out.finalize(self, method="concat")

~/py/envs/jupyter/lib/python3.13/site-packages/pandas/core/generic.py in ?(self, other, method, **kwargs)
6269 # propagate attrs only if all concat arguments have the same attrs
6270 if all(bool(obj.attrs) for obj in other.objs):
6271 # all concatenate arguments have non-empty attrs
6272 attrs = other.objs[0].attrs
-> 6273 have_same_attrs = all(obj.attrs == attrs for obj in other.objs[1:])
6274 if have_same_attrs:
6275 self.attrs = deepcopy(attrs)
6276

~/py/envs/jupyter/lib/python3.13/site-packages/pandas/core/generic.py in ?(.0)
-> 6273 have_same_attrs = all(obj.attrs == attrs for obj in other.objs[1:])

~/py/envs/jupyter/lib/python3.13/site-packages/pandas/core/generic.py in ?(self)
1575 @Final
1576 def nonzero(self) -> NoReturn:
-> 1577 raise ValueError(
1578 f"The truth value of a {type(self).name} is ambiguous. "
1579 "Use a.empty, a.bool(), a.item(), a.any() or a.all()."
1580 )

ValueError: The truth value of a DataFrame is ambiguous. Use a.empty, a.bool(), a.item(), a.any() or a.all().

ValueError Traceback (most recent call last)
~/py/envs/jupyter/lib/python3.13/site-packages/pandas/core/frame.py in ?(self)
1232 min_rows = get_option("display.min_rows")
1233 max_cols = get_option("display.max_columns")
1234 show_dimensions = get_option("display.show_dimensions")
1235
-> 1236 formatter = fmt.DataFrameFormatter(
1237 self,
1238 columns=None,
1239 col_space=None,

~/py/envs/jupyter/lib/python3.13/site-packages/pandas/io/formats/format.py in ?(self, frame, columns, col_space, header, index, na_rep, formatters, justify, float_format, sparsify, index_names, max_rows, min_rows, max_cols, show_dimensions, decimal, bold_rows, escape)
465 self.max_cols_fitted = self._calc_max_cols_fitted()
466 self.max_rows_fitted = self._calc_max_rows_fitted()
467
468 self.tr_frame = self.frame
--> 469 self.truncate()
470 self.adj = printing.get_adjustment()

~/py/envs/jupyter/lib/python3.13/site-packages/pandas/io/formats/format.py in ?(self)
651 """
652 Check whether the frame should be truncated. If so, slice the frame up.
653 """
654 if self.is_truncated_horizontally:
--> 655 self._truncate_horizontally()
656
657 if self.is_truncated_vertically:
658 self._truncate_vertically()

~/py/envs/jupyter/lib/python3.13/site-packages/pandas/io/formats/format.py in ?(self)
669 col_num = self.max_cols_fitted // 2
670 if col_num >= 1:
671 left = self.tr_frame.iloc[:, :col_num]
672 right = self.tr_frame.iloc[:, -col_num:]
--> 673 self.tr_frame = concat((left, right), axis=1)
674
675 # truncate formatter
676 if isinstance(self.formatters, (list, tuple)):

~/py/envs/jupyter/lib/python3.13/site-packages/pandas/core/reshape/concat.py in ?(objs, axis, join, ignore_index, keys, levels, names, verify_integrity, sort, copy)
391 copy=copy,
392 sort=sort,
393 )
394
--> 395 return op.get_result()

~/py/envs/jupyter/lib/python3.13/site-packages/pandas/core/reshape/concat.py in ?(self)
687 if not self.copy and not using_copy_on_write():
688 new_data._consolidate_inplace()
689
690 out = sample._constructor_from_mgr(new_data, axes=new_data.axes)
--> 691 return out.finalize(self, method="concat")

~/py/envs/jupyter/lib/python3.13/site-packages/pandas/core/generic.py in ?(self, other, method, **kwargs)
6269 # propagate attrs only if all concat arguments have the same attrs
6270 if all(bool(obj.attrs) for obj in other.objs):
6271 # all concatenate arguments have non-empty attrs
6272 attrs = other.objs[0].attrs
-> 6273 have_same_attrs = all(obj.attrs == attrs for obj in other.objs[1:])
6274 if have_same_attrs:
6275 self.attrs = deepcopy(attrs)
6276

~/py/envs/jupyter/lib/python3.13/site-packages/pandas/core/generic.py in ?(.0)
-> 6273 have_same_attrs = all(obj.attrs == attrs for obj in other.objs[1:])

~/py/envs/jupyter/lib/python3.13/site-packages/pandas/core/generic.py in ?(self)
1575 @Final
1576 def nonzero(self) -> NoReturn:
-> 1577 raise ValueError(
1578 f"The truth value of a {type(self).name} is ambiguous. "
1579 "Use a.empty, a.bool(), a.item(), a.any() or a.all()."
1580 )

ValueError: The truth value of a DataFrame is ambiguous. Use a.empty, a.bool(), a.item(), a.any() or a.all().

Expected Behavior

well, no ValueError :-)

Installed Versions

INSTALLED VERSIONS

commit : 0691c5c
python : 3.13.0
python-bits : 64
OS : Linux
OS-release : 6.10.13-3-MANJARO
Version : #1 SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Tue Oct 8 03:24:49 UTC 2024
machine : x86_64
processor :
byteorder : little
LC_ALL : None
LANG : de_DE.UTF-8
LOCALE : de_DE.UTF-8

pandas : 2.2.3
numpy : 2.1.3
pytz : 2024.1
dateutil : 2.9.0.post0
pip : 24.3.1
Cython : None
sphinx : None
IPython : 8.30.0
adbc-driver-postgresql: None
adbc-driver-sqlite : None
bs4 : 4.12.3
blosc : None
bottleneck : None
dataframe-api-compat : None
fastparquet : None
fsspec : None
html5lib : None
hypothesis : None
gcsfs : None
jinja2 : 3.1.4
lxml.etree : None
matplotlib : 3.9.2
numba : None
numexpr : None
odfpy : None
openpyxl : None
pandas_gbq : None
psycopg2 : None
pymysql : None
pyarrow : None
pyreadstat : None
pytest : None
python-calamine : None
pyxlsb : None
s3fs : None
scipy : 1.14.1
sqlalchemy : None
tables : None
tabulate : None
xarray : None
xlrd : None
xlsxwriter : None
zstandard : 0.23.0
tzdata : 2024.2
qtpy : None
pyqt5 : None

[yuanx749]

Formatting in _truncate_horizontally uses concat. I think we can use numpy instead as in _truncate_vertically to avoid this error.