Replace with nested dict raises for overlapping keys

doc/source/whatsnew/v1.0.0.rst

@@ -206,6 +206,7 @@ ExtensionArray
 Other
 ^^^^^
 - Trying to set the ``display.precision``, ``display.max_rows`` or ``display.max_columns`` using :meth:`set_option` to anything but a ``None`` or a positive int will raise a ``ValueError`` (:issue:`23348`)
+- Keeping the consistency in :meth:`DataFrame.replace` behaviour between simple dictionary replacement and nested dictionary replacement (:issue:`27660`)
 
 
 .. _whatsnew_1000.contributors:

pandas/core/generic.py

@@ -6642,11 +6642,7 @@ def replace(
 
                 for k, v in items:
                     keys, values = list(zip(*v.items())) or ([], [])
-                    if set(keys) & set(values):
-                        raise ValueError(
-                            "Replacement not allowed with "
-                            "overlapping keys and values"
-                        )
+
                     to_rep_dict[k] = list(keys)
                     value_dict[k] = list(values)
 

pandas/tests/frame/test_replace.py

@@ -1070,17 +1070,27 @@ def test_replace_truthy(self):
         assert_frame_equal(r, e)
 
     def test_replace_int_to_int_chain(self):
+        # GH 27660 keep behaviour consistent for simple dictionary and
+        # nested dictionary replacement
         df = DataFrame({"a": list(range(1, 5))})
-        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Replacement not allowed .+"):
-            df.replace({"a": dict(zip(range(1, 5), range(2, 6)))})
+
+        # nested dictionary replace
+        result1 = df.replace({"a": dict(zip(range(1, 5), range(2, 6)))})
+
+        # simple dictionary replace
+        result2 = df.replace(dict(zip(range(1, 5), range(2, 6))))
+
+        assert_frame_equal(result1, result2)
 
     def test_replace_str_to_str_chain(self):
+        # GH 27660
         a = np.arange(1, 5)
         astr = a.astype(str)
         bstr = np.arange(2, 6).astype(str)
         df = DataFrame({"a": astr})
-        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Replacement not allowed .+"):
-            df.replace({"a": dict(zip(astr, bstr))})
+        result1 = df.replace(dict(zip(astr, bstr)))
+        result2 = df.replace({"a": dict(zip(astr, bstr))})
+        assert_frame_equal(result1, result2)
 
     def test_replace_swapping_bug(self):
         df = pd.DataFrame({"a": [True, False, True]})