BUG: construct Timestamp with year out of pydatetime range

pandas/_libs/tslibs/timestamps.pyx

@@ -1625,6 +1625,30 @@ class Timestamp(_Timestamp):
             # When year, month or day is not given, we call the datetime
             # constructor to make sure we get the same error message
             # since Timestamp inherits datetime
+
+            if year is not None and not (0 < year < 10_000):
+                # GH#52091
+                obj = cls(
+                    year=1970,
+                    month=month,
+                    day=day,
+                    hour=hour,
+                    minute=minute,
+                    second=second,
+                    microsecond=microsecond,
+                    nanosecond=nanosecond,
+                    fold=fold,
+                    tz=tz,
+                    tzinfo=tzinfo,
+                    unit=unit,
+                )
+                if nanosecond is not None and nanosecond != 0:
+                    raise OutOfBoundsDatetime(
+                        f"Cannot construct a Timestamp with year={year} and "
+                        "non-zero nanoseconds"
+                    )
+                return obj.as_unit("us").replace(year=year)
+
             datetime_kwargs = {
                 "hour": hour or 0,
                 "minute": minute or 0,
@@ -1645,6 +1669,29 @@ class Timestamp(_Timestamp):
             # User passed positional arguments:
             # Timestamp(year, month, day[, hour[, minute[, second[,
             # microsecond[, tzinfo]]]]])
+            if not (0 < ts_input < 10_000):
+                # GH#52091
+                obj = cls(
+                    1970,
+                    year,
+                    month,
+                    day,
+                    hour,
+                    minute,
+                    second,
+                    microsecond,
+                    nanosecond=nanosecond,
+                    fold=fold,
+                    tz=tz,
+                    tzinfo=tzinfo,
+                    unit=unit,
+                )
+                if nanosecond is not None and nanosecond != 0:
+                    raise OutOfBoundsDatetime(
+                        f"Cannot construct a Timestamp with year={ts_input} and "
+                        "non-zero nanoseconds"
+                    )
+                return obj.as_unit("us").replace(year=ts_input)
             ts_input = datetime(ts_input, year, month, day or 0,
                                 hour or 0, minute or 0, second or 0, fold=fold or 0)
             unit = None

pandas/tests/scalar/timestamp/test_constructors.py

@@ -30,6 +30,26 @@
 
 
 class TestTimestampConstructors:
+    def test_construct_year_out_of_pydatetime_bounds(self):
+        # GH#52091 pass a year outside of pydatetime bounds either as positional
+        #  or keyword argument
+        ts = Timestamp(year=21000, month=1, day=2)
+        assert ts.year == 21000
+        assert ts.month == 1
+        assert ts.day == 2
+        assert ts.unit == "us"
+
+        ts2 = Timestamp(21000, 1, 2)
+        assert ts2 == ts
+        assert ts2.unit == "us"
+
+        msg = "Cannot construct a Timestamp with year=21000 and non-zero nanoseconds"
+        with pytest.raises(OutOfBoundsDatetime, match=msg):
+            Timestamp(year=21000, month=1, day=2, nanosecond=1)
+
+        with pytest.raises(OutOfBoundsDatetime, match=msg):
+            Timestamp(21000, 1, 2, nanosecond=1)
+
     def test_construct_from_string_invalid_raises(self):
         # dateutil (weirdly) parses "200622-12-31" as
         #  datetime(2022, 6, 20, 12, 0, tzinfo=tzoffset(None, -111600)