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merged 7 commits into from
Apr 1, 2024
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CoW: Track references in unstack if there is no copy #57487

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CoW: Track references in unstack if there is no copy
phofl Feb 18, 2024
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phofl Feb 18, 2024
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phofl Feb 18, 2024
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phofl Feb 19, 2024
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Merge branch 'main' into cow_unstack
phofl Feb 19, 2024
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Merge branch 'main' into cow_unstack
phofl Mar 16, 2024
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Merge branch 'main' into cow_unstack
mroeschke Mar 20, 2024
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26 changes: 18 additions & 8 deletions pandas/core/reshape/reshape.py
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Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -35,6 +35,7 @@
factorize,
unique,
)
from pandas.core.arrays._mixins import NDArrayBackedExtensionArray
from pandas.core.arrays.categorical import factorize_from_iterable
from pandas.core.construction import ensure_wrapped_if_datetimelike
from pandas.core.frame import DataFrame
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -231,20 +232,31 @@ def arange_result(self) -> tuple[npt.NDArray[np.intp], npt.NDArray[np.bool_]]:
return new_values, mask.any(0)
# TODO: in all tests we have mask.any(0).all(); can we rely on that?

def get_result(self, values, value_columns, fill_value) -> DataFrame:
def get_result(self, obj, value_columns, fill_value) -> DataFrame:
values = obj._values
if values.ndim == 1:
values = values[:, np.newaxis]

if value_columns is None and values.shape[1] != 1: # pragma: no cover
raise ValueError("must pass column labels for multi-column data")

values, _ = self.get_new_values(values, fill_value)
new_values, _ = self.get_new_values(values, fill_value)
columns = self.get_new_columns(value_columns)
index = self.new_index

return self.constructor(
values, index=index, columns=columns, dtype=values.dtype
result = self.constructor(
new_values, index=index, columns=columns, dtype=new_values.dtype, copy=False
)
if isinstance(values, np.ndarray):
base, new_base = values.base, new_values.base
elif isinstance(values, NDArrayBackedExtensionArray):
base, new_base = values._ndarray.base, new_values._ndarray.base
else:
base, new_base = 1, 2 # type: ignore[assignment]
Comment on lines +250 to +255
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Are we sure this base checking always works? (compared to doing something like np.shares_memory)
From some quick tests, it seems that even if you chain multiple no-copy transformations (like we do with reshape().swapaxes().reshape()), the base object stays the same.

If the base object is backed by something non-numpy (eg parrow), this doesn't seem to be the case, but, I think in a DataFrame we probably always end up with an array with a base object that is another numpy array.

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we reshape into a 3dim array in between, so anything that is 1d copies there

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I was trying to come up with a (contrived) example where the base might be different:

In [58]: parr = pa.array(range(100))

In [59]: arr = np.asarray(parr).base

In [60]: arr
Out[60]: 
array([[ 0,  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15,
        16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31,
        32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47,
        48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63,
        64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79,
        80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95,
        96, 97, 98, 99]])

In [61]: arr.base is parr
Out[61]: True

In [62]: arr.reshape(10, 10).base is arr.base
Out[62]: False

So in the above after reshaping the base is not equal to the calling array's base.

However, when putting this array in a DataFrame and getting _values, it seems we still get the array wrapped in another array, so the direct base is again a numpy array:

In [63]: df = DataFrame(arr, copy=False)

In [64]: df._values
Out[64]: 
array([[ 0,  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15,
        16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31,
        32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47,
        48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63,
        64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79,
        80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95,
        96, 97, 98, 99]])

In [65]: df._values.base
Out[65]: 
array([[ 0,  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15,
        16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31,
        32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47,
        48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63,
        64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79,
        80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95,
        96, 97, 98, 99]])

In [66]: df._values.base.base
Out[66]: 
<pyarrow.lib.Int64Array object at 0x7f325ca29ae0>
[
  0,
  ...
  99
]

if base is new_base:
# We can only get here if one of the dimensions is size 1
result._mgr.add_references(obj._mgr)
return result

def get_new_values(self, values, fill_value=None):
if values.ndim == 1:
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -532,9 +544,7 @@ def unstack(
unstacker = _Unstacker(
obj.index, level=level, constructor=obj._constructor_expanddim, sort=sort
)
return unstacker.get_result(
obj._values, value_columns=None, fill_value=fill_value
)
return unstacker.get_result(obj, value_columns=None, fill_value=fill_value)


def _unstack_frame(
Expand All @@ -550,7 +560,7 @@ def _unstack_frame(
return obj._constructor_from_mgr(mgr, axes=mgr.axes)
else:
return unstacker.get_result(
obj._values, value_columns=obj.columns, fill_value=fill_value
obj, value_columns=obj.columns, fill_value=fill_value
)


Expand Down
13 changes: 13 additions & 0 deletions pandas/tests/reshape/test_pivot.py
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Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -2701,3 +2701,16 @@ def test_pivot_table_with_margins_and_numeric_column_names(self):
index=Index(["a", "b", "All"], name=0),
)
tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)

@pytest.mark.parametrize("m", [1, 10])
def test_unstack_shares_memory(self, m):
# GH#56633
levels = np.arange(m)
index = MultiIndex.from_product([levels] * 2)
values = np.arange(m * m * 100).reshape(m * m, 100)
df = DataFrame(values, index, np.arange(100))
df_orig = df.copy()
result = df.unstack(sort=False)
assert np.shares_memory(df._values, result._values) is (m == 1)
result.iloc[0, 0] = -1
tm.assert_frame_equal(df, df_orig)