Announcing Rust 1.80.0

posts/2024-07-25-Rust-1.80.0.md

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+---
+layout: post
+title: "Announcing Rust 1.80.0"
+author: The Rust Release Team
+release: true
+---
+
+The Rust team is happy to announce a new version of Rust, 1.80.0. Rust is a programming language empowering everyone to build reliable and efficient software.
+
+If you have a previous version of Rust installed via `rustup`, you can get 1.80.0 with:
+
+```console
+$ rustup update stable
+```
+
+If you don't have it already, you can [get `rustup`](https://www.rust-lang.org/install.html) from the appropriate page on our website, and check out the [detailed release notes for 1.80.0](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/releases.html#version-1800-2024-07-25).
+
+If you'd like to help us out by testing future releases, you might consider updating locally to use the beta channel (`rustup default beta`) or the nightly channel (`rustup default nightly`). Please [report](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/new/choose) any bugs you might come across!
+
+## What's in 1.80.0 stable
+
+### `LazyCell` and `LazyLock`
+
+These "lazy" types delay the initialization of their data until first access. They are similar to the `OnceCell` and `OnceLock` types [stabilized in 1.70](https://blog.rust-lang.org/2023/06/01/Rust-1.70.0.html#oncecell-and-oncelock), but with the initialization function included in the cell.
+
+`LazyLock` is the thread-safe option, making it suitable for places like `static` values. For example, both the `spawn` thread and the main `scope` will see the exact same duration below, since `LAZY_TIME` will be initialized once, by whichever ends up accessing the static first. Neither use has to know *how* to initialize it, unlike they would with `OnceLock::get_or_init()`.
+
+```rust
+use std::sync::LazyLock;
+use std::time::Instant;
+
+static LAZY_TIME: LazyLock<Instant> = LazyLock::new(Instant::now);
+
+fn main() {
+    let start = Instant::now();
+    std::thread::scope(|s| {
+        s.spawn(|| {
+            println!("Thread lazy time is {:?}", LAZY_TIME.duration_since(start));
+        });
+        println!("Main lazy time is {:?}", LAZY_TIME.duration_since(start));
+    });
+}
+```
+
+`LazyCell` does the same thing without thread synchronization, so it doesn't implement `Sync`, which is needed for `static`, but it can still be used in `thread_local!` statics (with distinct initialization per thread). Either type can also be used in other data structures as well, depending on thread-safety needs, so lazy initialization is available everywhere!
+
+### Checked `cfg` names and values
+
+In 1.79, `rustc` stabilized a [`--check-cfg` flag](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rustc/check-cfg.html), and now Cargo 1.80 is enabling those checks for all `cfg` names and values that it knows (in addition to the [well known names and values](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rustc/check-cfg.html#well-known-names-and-values) from `rustc`). This includes feature names from `Cargo.toml` as well as new `cargo::rustc-check-cfg` output from build scripts.
+
+Unexpected cfgs are reported by the warn-by-default `unexpected_cfgs` lint, which is meant to catch typos or other misconfiguration. For example, in a project with an optional `rayon` dependency, this code is configured for the wrong `feature` value:
+
+```rust
+fn main() {
+    println!("Hello, world!");
+
+    #[cfg(feature = "crayon")]
+    rayon::join(
+        || println!("Hello, Thing One!"),
+        || println!("Hello, Thing Two!"),
+    );
+}
+```
+
+```console
+warning: unexpected `cfg` condition value: `crayon`
+ --> src/main.rs:4:11
+  |
+4 |     #[cfg(feature = "crayon")]
+  |           ^^^^^^^^^^--------
+  |                     |
+  |                     help: there is a expected value with a similar name: `"rayon"`
+  |
+  = note: expected values for `feature` are: `rayon`
+  = help: consider adding `crayon` as a feature in `Cargo.toml`
+  = note: see <https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/rustc/check-cfg/cargo-specifics.html> for more information about checking conditional configuration
+  = note: `#[warn(unexpected_cfgs)]` on by default
+```
+
+The same warning is reported regardless of whether the actual `rayon` feature is enabled or not.
+
+The `[lints]` table in the `Cargo.toml` manifest can also be used to extend the list of known names and values for custom `cfg`. `rustc` automatically provides [the syntax](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rustc/check-cfg.html#specifying-expected-names-and-values) to use in the warning.
+
+```toml
+[lints.rust]
+unexpected_cfgs = { level = "warn", check-cfg = ['cfg(foo, values("bar"))'] }
+```
+
+### Exclusive ranges in patterns
+
+Rust ranged patterns can now use exclusive endpoints, written `a..b` or `..b` similar to the `Range` and `RangeTo` expression types. For example, the following patterns can now use the same constants for the end of one pattern and the start of the next:
+
+```rust
+pub fn size_prefix(n: u32) -> &'static str {
+    const K: u32 = 10u32.pow(3);
+    const M: u32 = 10u32.pow(6);
+    const G: u32 = 10u32.pow(9);
+    match n {
+        ..K => "",
+        K..M => "k",
+        M..G => "M",
+        G.. => "G",
+    }
+}
+```
+
+Previously, only inclusive (`a..=b` or `..=b`) or open (`a..`) ranges were allowed in patterns, so code like this would require separate constants for inclusive endpoints like `K - 1`.
+
+Exclusive ranges have been implemented as an unstable feature for a long time, but the blocking concern was that they might add confusion and increase the chance of off-by-one errors in patterns. To that end, exhaustiveness checking has been enhanced to better detect gaps in pattern matching, and new lints `non_contiguous_range_endpoints` and `overlapping_range_endpoints` will help detect cases where you might want to switch exclusive patterns to inclusive, or vice versa.
+
+### Stabilized APIs
+
+- [`impl Default for Rc<CStr>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/alloc/rc/struct.Rc.html#impl-Default-for-Rc%3CCStr%3E)
+- [`impl Default for Rc<str>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/alloc/rc/struct.Rc.html#impl-Default-for-Rc%3Cstr%3E)
+- [`impl Default for Rc<[T]>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/alloc/rc/struct.Rc.html#impl-Default-for-Rc%3C%5BT%5D%3E)
+- [`impl Default for Arc<str>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/alloc/sync/struct.Arc.html#impl-Default-for-Arc%3Cstr%3E)
+- [`impl Default for Arc<CStr>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/alloc/sync/struct.Arc.html#impl-Default-for-Arc%3CCStr%3E)
+- [`impl Default for Arc<[T]>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/alloc/sync/struct.Arc.html#impl-Default-for-Arc%3C%5BT%5D%3E)
+- [`impl IntoIterator for Box<[T]>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/alloc/boxed/struct.Box.html#impl-IntoIterator-for-Box%3C%5BI%5D,+A%3E)
+- [`impl FromIterator<String> for Box<str>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/alloc/boxed/struct.Box.html#impl-FromIterator%3CString%3E-for-Box%3Cstr%3E)
+- [`impl FromIterator<char> for Box<str>`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/alloc/boxed/struct.Box.html#impl-FromIterator%3Cchar%3E-for-Box%3Cstr%3E)
+- [`LazyCell`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/core/cell/struct.LazyCell.html)
+- [`LazyLock`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/sync/struct.LazyLock.html)
+- [`Duration::div_duration_f32`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/time/struct.Duration.html#method.div_duration_f32)
+- [`Duration::div_duration_f64`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/time/struct.Duration.html#method.div_duration_f64)
+- [`Option::take_if`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/option/enum.Option.html#method.take_if)
+- [`Seek::seek_relative`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/io/trait.Seek.html#method.seek_relative)
+- [`BinaryHeap::as_slice`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/collections/struct.BinaryHeap.html#method.as_slice)
+- [`NonNull::offset`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/ptr/struct.NonNull.html#method.offset)
+- [`NonNull::byte_offset`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/ptr/struct.NonNull.html#method.byte_offset)
+- [`NonNull::add`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/ptr/struct.NonNull.html#method.add)
+- [`NonNull::byte_add`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/ptr/struct.NonNull.html#method.byte_add)
+- [`NonNull::sub`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/ptr/struct.NonNull.html#method.sub)
+- [`NonNull::byte_sub`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/ptr/struct.NonNull.html#method.byte_sub)
+- [`NonNull::offset_from`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/ptr/struct.NonNull.html#method.offset_from)
+- [`NonNull::byte_offset_from`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/ptr/struct.NonNull.html#method.byte_offset_from)
+- [`NonNull::read`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/ptr/struct.NonNull.html#method.read)
+- [`NonNull::read_volatile`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/ptr/struct.NonNull.html#method.read_volatile)
+- [`NonNull::read_unaligned`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/ptr/struct.NonNull.html#method.read_unaligned)
+- [`NonNull::write`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/ptr/struct.NonNull.html#method.write)
+- [`NonNull::write_volatile`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/ptr/struct.NonNull.html#method.write_volatile)
+- [`NonNull::write_unaligned`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/ptr/struct.NonNull.html#method.write_unaligned)
+- [`NonNull::write_bytes`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/ptr/struct.NonNull.html#method.write_bytes)
+- [`NonNull::copy_to`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/ptr/struct.NonNull.html#method.copy_to)
+- [`NonNull::copy_to_nonoverlapping`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/ptr/struct.NonNull.html#method.copy_to_nonoverlapping)
+- [`NonNull::copy_from`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/ptr/struct.NonNull.html#method.copy_from)
+- [`NonNull::copy_from_nonoverlapping`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/ptr/struct.NonNull.html#method.copy_from_nonoverlapping)
+- [`NonNull::replace`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/ptr/struct.NonNull.html#method.replace)
+- [`NonNull::swap`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/ptr/struct.NonNull.html#method.swap)
+- [`NonNull::drop_in_place`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/ptr/struct.NonNull.html#method.drop_in_place)
+- [`NonNull::align_offset`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/ptr/struct.NonNull.html#method.align_offset)
+- [`<[T]>::split_at_checked`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/primitive.slice.html#method.split_at_checked)
+- [`<[T]>::split_at_mut_checked`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/primitive.slice.html#method.split_at_mut_checked)
+- [`str::split_at_checked`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/primitive.str.html#method.split_at_checked)
+- [`str::split_at_mut_checked`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/primitive.str.html#method.split_at_mut_checked)
+- [`str::trim_ascii`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/primitive.str.html#method.trim_ascii)
+- [`str::trim_ascii_start`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/primitive.str.html#method.trim_ascii_start)
+- [`str::trim_ascii_end`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/primitive.str.html#method.trim_ascii_end)
+- [`<[u8]>::trim_ascii`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/core/primitive.slice.html#method.trim_ascii)
+- [`<[u8]>::trim_ascii_start`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/core/primitive.slice.html#method.trim_ascii_start)
+- [`<[u8]>::trim_ascii_end`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/core/primitive.slice.html#method.trim_ascii_end)
+- [`Ipv4Addr::BITS`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/core/net/struct.Ipv4Addr.html#associatedconstant.BITS)
+- [`Ipv4Addr::to_bits`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/core/net/struct.Ipv4Addr.html#method.to_bits)
+- [`Ipv4Addr::from_bits`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/core/net/struct.Ipv4Addr.html#method.from_bits)
+- [`Ipv6Addr::BITS`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/core/net/struct.Ipv6Addr.html#associatedconstant.BITS)
+- [`Ipv6Addr::to_bits`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/core/net/struct.Ipv6Addr.html#method.to_bits)
+- [`Ipv6Addr::from_bits`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/core/net/struct.Ipv6Addr.html#method.from_bits)
+- [`Vec::<[T; N]>::into_flattened`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/alloc/vec/struct.Vec.html#method.into_flattened)
+- [`<[[T; N]]>::as_flattened`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/core/primitive.slice.html#method.as_flattened)
+- [`<[[T; N]]>::as_flattened_mut`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/core/primitive.slice.html#method.as_flattened_mut)
+
+These APIs are now stable in const contexts:
+
+- [`<[T]>::last_chunk`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/core/primitive.slice.html#method.last_chunk)
+- [`BinaryHeap::new`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/collections/struct.BinaryHeap.html#method.new)
+
+### Other changes
+
+Check out everything that changed in [Rust](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/releases/tag/1.80.0), [Cargo](https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md#cargo-180-2024-07-25), and [Clippy](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-clippy/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md#rust-180).
+
+## Contributors to 1.80.0
+
+Many people came together to create Rust 1.80.0. We couldn't have done it without all of you. [Thanks!](https://thanks.rust-lang.org/rust/1.80.0/)