This commit is an implementation of [RFC 592][r592] and [RFC 840][r840]. These two RFCs tweak the behavior of `CString` and add a new `CStr` unsized slice type to the module. [r592]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0592-c-str-deref.md [r840]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0840-no-panic-in-c-string.md The new `CStr` type is only constructable via two methods: 1. By `deref`'ing from a `CString` 2. Unsafely via `CStr::from_ptr` The purpose of `CStr` is to be an unsized type which is a thin pointer to a `libc::c_char` (currently it is a fat pointer slice due to implementation limitations). Strings from C can be safely represented with a `CStr` and an appropriate lifetime as well. Consumers of `&CString` should now consume `&CStr` instead to allow producers to pass in C-originating strings instead of just Rust-allocated strings. A new constructor was added to `CString`, `new`, which takes `T: IntoBytes` instead of separate `from_slice` and `from_vec` methods (both have been deprecated in favor of `new`). The `new` method returns a `Result` instead of panicking. The error variant contains the relevant information about where the error happened and bytes (if present). Conversions are provided to the `io::Error` and `old_io::IoError` types via the `FromError` trait which translate to `InvalidInput`. This is a breaking change due to the modification of existing `#[unstable]` APIs and new deprecation, and more detailed information can be found in the two RFCs. Notable breakage includes: * All construction of `CString` now needs to use `new` and handle the outgoing `Result`. * Usage of `CString` as a byte slice now explicitly needs a `.as_bytes()` call. * The `as_slice*` methods have been removed in favor of just having the `as_bytes*` methods. Closes rust-lang#22469 Closes rust-lang#22470 [breaking-change]

Tracking issue for CStr, the dereferenced complement to CString (RFC 592) #22469

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