Refactored syntax::fold

[Kimundi]

Note: This PR is motivated by an attempt to write an custom syntax extension that tried to use syntax::fold, and that could only do so by fixing bugs in it and copying out private functions.

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Refactored syntax::fold

Prior to this, the code there had a few issues:

• Default implementations inconsistenly either had the prefix noop_ or
  not.
• Some default methods where implemented in terms of a public noop function
  for user code to call, others where implemented directly on the trait
  and did not allow users of the trait to reuse the code.
• Some of the default implementations where private, and thus not reusable
  for other implementors.
• There where some bugs where default implemntations called other default
  implementations directly, rather than to the underlying Folder, with the
  result of some ast nodes never being visted even if the user implemented that
  method. (For example, the current Folder never folded struct fields)

This commit solves this situation somewhat radically by making all
fold_... functions in the module into Folder methods, and implementing
them all in terms of public noop_... functions for other implementors to
call out to.

Some public functions had to be renamed to fit the new system, so this is a
breaking change.

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Also added a few trait implementations to ast types

[sfackler]

onyly

[ghost]

@Kimundi This is great.

[lilyball]

Commit message nitpicks: Multiple usages of the word "where" instead of "were" and at least one typo ("implemntations")