Limit recursion in regex parser

Sources/_RegexParser/Regex/Parse/Diagnostics.swift

@@ -87,6 +87,9 @@ enum ParseError: Error, Hashable {
 
   case expectedCalloutArgument
 
+  // Excessively nested groups (i.e. recursion)
+  case nestingTooDeep
+
   // MARK: Semantic Errors
 
   case unsupported(String)
@@ -241,6 +244,9 @@ extension ParseError: CustomStringConvertible {
       return "character '\(lhs)' must compare less than or equal to '\(rhs)'"
     case .notQuantifiable:
       return "expression is not quantifiable"
+
+    case .nestingTooDeep:
+      return "group is too deeply nested"
     }
   }
 }
@@ -302,25 +308,39 @@ extension Diagnostic {
 public struct Diagnostics: Hashable {
   public private(set) var diags = [Diagnostic]()
 
+  // In the event of an unrecoverable parse error, set this
+  // to avoid emitting spurious diagnostics.
+  internal var suppressFurtherDiagnostics = false
+
   public init() {}
   public init(_ diags: [Diagnostic]) {
     self.diags = diags
   }
 
   /// Add a new diagnostic to emit.
   public mutating func append(_ diag: Diagnostic) {
+    guard !suppressFurtherDiagnostics else {
+      return
+    }
     diags.append(diag)
   }
 
   /// Add all the diagnostics of another diagnostic collection.
   public mutating func append(contentsOf other: Diagnostics) {
+    guard !suppressFurtherDiagnostics else {
+      return
+    }
     diags.append(contentsOf: other.diags)
   }
 
   /// Add all the new fatal error diagnostics of another diagnostic collection.
   /// This assumes that `other` was the same as `self`, but may have additional
   /// diagnostics added to it.
   public mutating func appendNewFatalErrors(from other: Diagnostics) {
+    guard !suppressFurtherDiagnostics else {
+      return
+    }
+
     let newDiags = other.diags.dropFirst(diags.count)
     for diag in newDiags where diag.behavior == .fatalError {
       append(diag)

Sources/_RegexParser/Regex/Parse/Parse.swift

@@ -73,6 +73,9 @@ struct ParsingContext {
   /// A set of used group names.
   private var usedGroupNames = Set<String>()
 
+  /// The depth of calls to parseNode (recursion depth plus 1)
+  fileprivate var parseDepth = 0
+
   /// The syntax options currently set.
   fileprivate(set) var syntax: SyntaxOptions
 
@@ -88,6 +91,8 @@ struct ParsingContext {
     }
   }
 
+  fileprivate var maxParseDepth: Int { 64 }
+
   init(syntax: SyntaxOptions) {
     self.syntax = syntax
   }
@@ -188,6 +193,20 @@ extension Parser {
   ///     Alternation  -> Concatenation ('|' Concatenation)*
   ///
   mutating func parseNode() -> AST.Node {
+    // Excessively nested groups is a common DOS attack, so limit
+    // our recursion.
+    context.parseDepth += 1
+    defer { context.parseDepth -= 1 }
+    guard context.parseDepth < context.maxParseDepth else {
+      self.errorAtCurrentPosition(.nestingTooDeep)
+
+      // This is not generally recoverable and further errors will be
+      // incorrect
+      diags.suppressFurtherDiagnostics = true
+
+      return .empty(.init(loc(src.currentPosition)))
+    }
+
     let _start = src.currentPosition
 
     if src.isEmpty { return .empty(.init(loc(_start))) }
@@ -504,6 +523,19 @@ extension Parser {
   mutating func parseCustomCharacterClass(
     _ start: Source.Located<CustomCC.Start>
   ) -> CustomCC {
+    // Excessively nested recursion is a common DOS attack, so limit
+    // our recursion.
+    context.parseDepth += 1
+    defer { context.parseDepth -= 1 }
+    guard context.parseDepth < context.maxParseDepth else {
+      self.errorAtCurrentPosition(.nestingTooDeep)
+
+      // This is not generally recoverable and further errors will be
+      // incorrect
+      diags.suppressFurtherDiagnostics = true
+      return .init(start, [], start.location)
+    }
+
     let alreadyInCCC = context.isInCustomCharacterClass
     context.isInCustomCharacterClass = true
     defer { context.isInCustomCharacterClass = alreadyInCCC }

Tests/RegexTests/ParseTests.swift

@@ -3322,6 +3322,28 @@ extension RegexTests {
     diagnosticTest("(*LIMIT_DEPTH=-1", .expectedNumber("", kind: .decimal), .expected(")"), unsupported: true)
   }
 
+  func testMaliciousNesting() {
+    // Excessively nested subpatterns is a common DOS attack
+    diagnosticTest(
+      String(repeating: "(", count: 500)
+      + "a"
+      + String(repeating: ")*", count: 500),
+      .nestingTooDeep)
+
+    diagnosticTest(
+      String(repeating: "(?:", count: 500)
+      + "a"
+      + String(repeating: ")*", count: 500),
+      .nestingTooDeep)
+
+    diagnosticTest(
+      String(repeating: "[", count: 500)
+      + "a"
+      + String(repeating: "]*", count: 500),
+      .nestingTooDeep)
+
+  }
+
   func testDelimiterLexingErrors() {
 
     // MARK: Printable ASCII