[cxx-interop] Make Cxx and CxxStdlib libraries resilient

[egorzhdan]

This enables library evolution for the two libraries that form the Swift overlay for the C++ standard library.

rdar://129169673

[egorzhdan]

@swift-ci please test

[egorzhdan]

@swift-ci please benchmark

[Xazax-hun]

LGTM!

[egorzhdan]

@swift-ci please test Linux

[egorzhdan]

Performance (x86_64): -O

Regression	OLD	NEW	DELTA	RATIO
Array.removeAll.keepingCapacity.Object	5.995	7.483	+24.8%	0.80x (?)
CharacterLiteralsLarge	54.45	58.821	+8.0%	0.93x (?)
Improvement	OLD	NEW	DELTA	RATIO
Dictionary4	281.714	209.667	-25.6%	1.34x (?)
Dictionary4OfObjects	309.25	230.667	-25.4%	1.34x (?)
FlattenListFlatMap	4419.0	3893.0	-11.9%	1.14x (?)
ArrayInClass	196.083	174.296	-11.1%	1.12x (?)
DistinctClassFieldAccesses	37.448	33.899	-9.5%	1.10x (?)
ArraySetElement	296.0	271.286	-8.3%	1.09x (?)
PrefixWhileSequence	194.0	180.667	-6.9%	1.07x (?)

Code size: -O

Regression	OLD	NEW	DELTA	RATIO
CxxVectorSum.o	18128	18496	+2.0%	0.98x
CxxSpanTests.o	15634	15810	+1.1%	0.99x

Performance (x86_64): -Osize

Regression	OLD	NEW	DELTA	RATIO
CxxSpanTests.map	377.4	535.667	+41.9%	0.70x (?)
Array.removeAll.keepingCapacity.Object	5.981	7.197	+20.3%	0.83x (?)
ObjectiveCBridgeStubDateAccess	130.733	152.538	+16.7%	0.86x (?)
Data.hash.Empty	52.261	58.789	+12.5%	0.89x (?)
CxxSpanTests.filter	522.75	585.667	+12.0%	0.89x (?)
FlattenListFlatMap	3631.0	3996.0	+10.1%	0.91x (?)
Improvement	OLD	NEW	DELTA	RATIO
Dictionary4	208.75	163.556	-21.6%	1.28x (?)
CxxSpanTests.reduce	195.667	165.636	-15.3%	1.18x (?)
CxxSpanTests.for.loop	195.571	170.1	-13.0%	1.15x (?)
StrComplexWalk	3403.333	3004.286	-11.7%	1.13x (?)
Dictionary4OfObjects	239.0	218.429	-8.6%	1.09x (?)

Code size: -Osize

Regression	OLD	NEW	DELTA	RATIO
CxxVectorSum.o	16529	16913	+2.3%	0.98x
CxxSpanTests.o	13778	14089	+2.3%	0.98x

Performance (x86_64): -Onone

Improvement	OLD	NEW	DELTA	RATIO
PointerArithmetics	56633.333	50175.0	-11.4%	1.13x (?)
ObjectiveCBridgeStubNSDateRefAccess	4311.0	3972.0	-7.9%	1.09x (?)
ArrayAppendGenericStructs	1240.0	1145.0	-7.7%	1.08x (?)
DataSubscriptMedium	63.167	58.882	-6.8%	1.07x (?)

Code size: -swiftlibs

[egorzhdan]

The benchmarks seem to be noisy. The only performance regressions are in CxxSpanTests.map and CxxSpanTests.filter. We can provide overloads CxxConvertibleToCollection.map and CxxConvertibleToCollection.filter to mitigate that.

[hjyamauchi]

@egorzhdan it seems like this PR/commit may be related to the linker issue I'm seeing: #77756 WDYT?