build: update to TypeScript 4.9

[crisbeto]

Updates most packages to the latest RC and to TypeScript 4.9.

[crisbeto]

I tried updating @angular/bazel as well, but I couldn't get the build to work, likely because of the changes mentioned in #26357. One of the errors was because we don't need the devmode-es2020-bazel.patch, but after removing it, I had some very vague errors from Bazel like:

ERROR: material2/src/material/progress-bar/testing/BUILD.bazel:5:10: for src/material/progress-bar/testing/index.d.ts, previous action: action 'Compiling Angular templates (full prodmode) //src/material/progress-bar/testing:testing', attempted action: action 'Compiling Angular templates (full devmode) //src/material/progress-bar/testing:testing'
ERROR: Analysis of target '//src/material/progress-bar/testing:testing' failed; build aborted: 
INFO: Elapsed time: 51.064s
INFO: 0 processes.
FAILED: Build did NOT complete successfully (284 packages loaded, 13767 targets configured)
error Command failed with exit code 1.

[devversion]

Yeah, it needs much more changes in this repo to be able to update. It should be fine not updating, or do you need it for TS?

[crisbeto]

I don't need it for the TS update, I tried updating it for consistency.

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